Psaumes 1:3

planted Heb. שתול, plonte in Old French (plante).

rivulets ruyseys in Old French, (ruisseaux), brooks (as in Ezek. 32:6).

and its leaves do not wilt Even the inferior part of it serves a purpose. The conversation of Torah scholars is essential and requires study.

do not wilt Heb. יבול, an expression of wilting, fleistre in Old French.

[Beside] streams (פַּלְגֵי - palgei): From the same root as (Genesis 10:25) "divided" (peleg) [referring to dividing/channeling water].

Beside streams of water (עַֽל־פַּלְגֵי־מָ֥יִם - al palgei mayim): Means beside one of the streams. Similar [constructions where a plural denotes one instance within a category include]: "to the innermost parts (yarketei - plural construct) of the ship" (Jonah 1:5) [referring to one area]; "and he was buried in the cities (be-arei - plural construct) of Gilead" (Judges 12:7) [meaning in one city]; "son of she-asses" (atonot - plural) (Zechariah 9:9) [likely referring to the foal of one specific donkey]. And some say (v'yesh omrim): That the meaning of "its fruit" (piryo) is analogous to "children of youth" (Psalm 127:4) [interpreting the fruit metaphorically as descendants].

Whose foliage never fades (וְעָלֵ֥הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל - ve-alehu lo yibol): [This represents] his wealth (oshro) enduring all his days, in the sense of (Ecclesiastes 7:11): "Wisdom is good with an inheritance" [implying enduring substance].

And whatever it produces thrives (וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יַצְלִֽיחַ - ve-khol asher ya'aseh yatzliach): This refers back to the person (ha-adam) who is compared to the tree. And some say (v'yesh omrim): That the phrase "whatever it produces thrives" refers back to the tree itself – meaning that if a branch (sa'if) is taken from it and planted, it will thrive. And others have said (v'acherim amru): That it refers back to "its foliage" (alehu), similar to (Ezekiel 47:12) "and its foliage shall be for healing" [li-trufah - implying the leaf itself produces a successful outcome]. And according to my opinion (u-lefi da'ati): The meaning of "its fruit" (piryo) is the wise soul (ha-neshamah ha-chakhamah) that will be filled with God's Torah, enabling it to recognize its Creator and His deeds which endure forever. It [the soul] will cleave to its supernal world upon separation from its body, like ripened fruit on a tree that separates from it and no longer needs it – for the tree existed for the sake of the fruit.

"Whose foliage never fades" (ve-alehu lo yibol) [represents] his good reputation (zikhro ha-tov), in the manner of (Proverbs 10:7) "The memory of the righteous is a blessing" (zekher tzaddik li-verakhah).

And he shall be like a tree: – He compares the good man to a tree planted over the streams of water: and says that the man who departs from evil and does good, lo! he is as a tree planted upon streams of water which is continually satisfied; so he rejoices continually in his portion whether he have little to eat or much. And the interpretation of streams of water (is) that there is a stream of water on this side and a stream of water on that side, and they will be passing under it and it will be always over them.

That bringeth forth its fruit in its season: – for the tree that is in a thirsty spot and that longs for rain does not bring forth its fruit in its season so long as the necessary rain does not descend, but is late and backward in putting forth its fruit because of its parched condition; but the tree that is planted upon the streams of water brings forth its fruit in its season.