1
Parachat Bereshit
Aliya 1
Dieu appela la lumière jour, et les ténèbres, il les appela Nuit. Il fut soir, il fut matin, un jour.
Dieu nomma cet espace le Ciel. Le soir se fit, le matin se fit, — second jour.
Le soir se fit, le matin se fit, — troisième jour.
Le soir se fit, le matin se fit, — quatrième jour.
Le soir se fit, le matin se fit, — cinquième jour.
Dieu examina tout ce qu’il avait fait c’était éminemment bien. Le soir se fit, puis le matin; ce fut le sixième jour.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Genèse 1:21 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
And thus Elohim created the great whales, and every living creature that creeps, with which the waters teem, of its kind, and every winged bird of its kind; and Elohim saw that it was good.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And G-d created the leviathans and all the creeping life-infused creatures, swarmed by the waters according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind, and G-d saw that it was good.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וַיִּבְרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִ֖ם הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת כׇּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֣ה ׀ הָֽרֹמֶ֡שֶׂת אֲשֶׁר֩ שָׁרְצ֨וּ הַמַּ֜יִם לְמִֽינֵהֶ֗ם וְאֵ֨ת כׇּל־ע֤וֹף כָּנָף֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature that creepeth, wherewith the waters swarmed, after its kind, and every winged fowl after its kind; and God saw that it was good.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וַיִּבְרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִ֖ם הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֣ה ׀ הָֽרֹמֶ֡שֶׂת אֲשֶׁר֩ שָׁרְצ֨וּ הַמַּ֜יִם לְמִֽינֵהֶ֗ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־ע֤וֹף כָּנָף֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃
Licence: Public Domain
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Dieu créa les cétacés énormes, et tous les êtres animés qui se meuvent dans les eaux, où ils pullulèrent selon leurs espèces, puis tout ce qui vole au moyen d’ailes, selon son espèce; et Dieu considéra que c’était bien.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die fünf Bücher Moses, trans. Dr. J. Wohlgemuth, Rödelheim 1899 [de]
Und Gott schuf die großen Seetiere und alle lebenden Wesen, die sich regen, von denen das Wasser wimmelt, jedes nach seiner Art, und jeden beschwingten Vogel nach seiner Art; und Gott sah, dass es gut war.
Licence: Public Domain
English · Jewish English Torah
God created the large sea creatures, and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed, after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind. God saw that it was good.
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · Modernized Tanakh - Based on JPS 1917, Edited by Adam Cohn
And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature that creeps, with which the waters swarmed, after its kind, and every winged fowl after its kind; and God saw that it was good.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ויברא אלהים את התנינם הגדלים ואת כל נפש החיה הרמשת אשר שרצו המים למינהם ואת כל עוף כנף למינהו וירא אלהים כי טוב
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִם הַגְּדֹלִים וְאֵת כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת אֲשֶׁר שָׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם לְמִינֵהֶם וְאֵת כָּל־עוֹף כָּנָף לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טוֹב׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און גאָט האָט באַשאַפֿן די גרױסע ים-חיות, און אַלע לעבעדיקע באַשעפֿענישן װאָס קריכן, װאָס דאָס װאַסער האָט געװידמענט לױט זײערע מינים, און אַלע געפֿליגלטע פֿױגלען לױט זײערע מינים. און גאָט האָט געזען אַז דאָס איז גוט.
Licence: CC0
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Es ist also Gott, der die großen Fischgeschlechter erschaffen und auch alle die Wesen des kleinen sich fortbewegenden Lebens, von welchen die Wasser für ihre Gattungen wimmelnd geworden, und jeden beschwingten Vogel für seine Gattung, und Gott sah, daß es gut sei.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Kaj Dio kreis la grandajn balenojn, kaj ĉiujn vivajn estaĵojn moviĝantajn, kiujn aperigis la akvo, laŭ ilia speco, kaj ĉiujn flugilhavajn birdojn laŭ ilia speco. Kaj Dio vidis, ke ĝi estas bona.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Iddio creò i grandi cetacei, e tutti gli esseri viventi striscianti, di cui l’acqua brulicò, di varie specie; come pure tutti i molteplici volatili alati. E Dio vide che (ciò era) bene.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
I stworzył Bóg owe potwory wielkie i wszelkie jestestwo żyjące, poruszające się, którém zaroiły się wody podług rodzaju swego, i wszelkie ptactwo skrzydlate podług rodzaju swojego. I widział Bóg, że dobrze.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Genèse 1:21
Rashi
English
1 the…sea monsters: The great fish in the sea, and in the words of the Aggadah (B.B. 74b), this refers to the Leviathan and its mate, for He created them male and female, and He slew the female and salted her away for the righteous in the future, for if they would propagate, the world could not exist because of them. הַתַּנִינִם is written. [I.e., the final “yud,” which denotes the plural, is missing, hence the implication that the Leviathan did not remain two, but that its number was reduced to one.]- [from Gen. Rabbah 7:4, Midrash Chaseroth V’Yetheroth, Batei Midrashoth, vol 2, p. 225].
2 living creature: a creature in which there is life.
Sefaria Community Translation · Licence: CC0 · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And the Lord created the great tanins, the lev-ya-than and his yoke-fellow which are prepared for the day of consolation, and every living animal which creepeth, and which the clear waters had swarmed forth after their kind; the kinds which are clean, and the kinds which are not clean; and every fowl which flieth with wings after their kinds, the clean and the unclean. And the Lord beheld that it was good.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
English
"that crawls" - meaning, "goes", and there are those who way that the [letter] shin is in place of the [letter] samech, and there are those who say
Sefaria Community Translation · Licence: CC0 · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
AND G-D CREATED THE GREAT SEA-MONSTERS. Because of the great size of these creatures, some consisting of many Persian miles — the Greeks in their books even relate that they knew some of them to be 500 Persian miles long, and our Rabbi likewise spoke of them in magnifying terms — on account of that, Scripture explicitly ascribes their creation to G-d for He brought them forth from nought from the beginning, as I have explained the expression b’riyah (creation). Similarly, Scripture does so in the case of man. on account of his exaltedness, thus informing us that man, with his mind and reason, also came forth from nought.
I wonder why it does not say “and it was so” on this day? Perhaps it would not have been possible to mention And He created after saying, “and it was so,” since it refers to the preceding., etc.) would have concluded with the expression and it was so, it would have implied the creation of the sea-monster, since they also swarm in the waters. How then could it say in the following verse, And G-d created the sea-monster, as if it were another act of creation? To say, and it was so after vayibra (And He created) is also not possible for this would be redundant. Hence on the fifth day, the expression and it was so does not appear in Scripture.
Our Rabbis have said that the great sea-monsters are the Leviathan and its mate which He created male and female. He then slew the female and preserved it in salt for the benefit of the righteous in the hereafter. It is possible that on account of this it would not have been appropriate to say concerning their creation, “and it was so,” since they did not continue to exist [in the form in which they were created].
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
התנינים הגדולים, even though, in the previous verse, the Torah reports on the directive for the waters to produce multiple reproductions of each species which has its habitat in the waters, and we could have thought that this did not include gigantic creatures such as whales, the fact is they (it) too had been produced by the waters at the same time. The species described as Leviathan, Nachash beriach and Leviathan beriach in Isaiah 27,1 and the Leviathan described in Job 40,25 are what our verse here refers to.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
ויברא אלוקים את התנינים, the evolutionary powers of the waters did not suffice for this task. They could not produce the original sea-monsters without having been provided for this with seed by the Creator.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Radak (David Kimhi)
English
ויברא אלוקים את התנינים, we do not find the expression ויהי כן in this paragraph. The reason that the Torah had to introduce this paragraph with the words ויברא אלוקים, “G’d created,” as distinct from “the waters brought forth,” or something similar, is that the waters were not capable of producing creatures of such dimensions and capabilities without additional input by G’d Himself. Both G’d and the waters combined to produce these monsters, hence their creation is described by the word ויברא.
אשר שרצו המים, you should know that in parts of the oceans which are far distant from the dry land there are no fish, seeing the waters by themselves are unable to sustain their lives by supplying the fish with additional food such as plants which grow on land or vegetation on rocks which are close to land, or refuse left by man as food for the fish by the passing ships. Fishermen do not explore the areas we have mentioned, as it is impossible for their boats to enter such waters without risking their lives. Fishermen are alerted to the fact that they approach such areas by the absence of fish in the regions close to the ones described. The oceans are constantly stormy in such regions.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria