25
Aliya 6
Après la mort d’Abraham, le Seigneur bénit Isaac, son fils. Isaac s’établit prés de la source du Vivant-qui-me-voit.
Aliya 7
Ces peuplades habitaient depuis Havila jusqu’à Chour, en face de l’Égypte, jusque vers Achour. Il s’étendit ainsi à la face de tous ses frères.
Parachat Toldot
Aliya 1
Jacob servit à Ésaü du pain et un plat de lentilles; il mangea et but, se leva et ressortit. C’est ainsi qu’Ésaü dédaigna le droit d’aînesse.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Genèse 25:3 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
Yokshon fathered Shevah and Dedan. The sons of Dedan were Ashurim, Letushim and Leumim.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And Yakshan begot Sheva and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were [the heads of the peoples:] Ashurim, Letushim, and Leumim.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וְיׇקְשָׁ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־שְׁבָ֖א וְאֶת־דְּדָ֑ן וּבְנֵ֣י דְדָ֔ן הָי֛וּ אַשּׁוּרִ֥ם וּלְטוּשִׁ֖ם וּלְאֻמִּֽים׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And Jokshan begot Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וְיָקְשָׁ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־שְׁבָ֖א וְאֶת־דְּדָ֑ן וּבְנֵ֣י דְדָ֔ן הָי֛וּ אַשּׁוּרִ֥ם וּלְטוּשִׁ֖ים וּלְאֻמִּֽים׃
Licence: Public Domain
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Yokchân engendra Cheba et Dedân; et les fils de Dedân furent les Achourim, les Letouchim et les Leoummim.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die fünf Bücher Moses, trans. Dr. J. Wohlgemuth, Rödelheim 1899 [de]
Jokschan zeugte Scheba und Dedan, und Dedans Söhne waren die Aschurim, Letuschim und Leamim.
Licence: Public Domain
English · Modernized Tanakh - Based on JPS 1917, Edited by Adam Cohn
And Jokshan begot Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ויקשן ילד את שבא ואת דדן ובני דדן היו אשורם ולטושים ולאמים
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וְיָקְשָׁן יָלַד אֶת־שְׁבָא וְאֶת־דְּדָן וּבְנֵי דְדָן הָיוּ אַשּׁוּרִם וּלְטוּשִׁים וּלְאֻמִּים׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און יָקשָן האָט געבאָרן שבאָן, און דדָנען. און די קינדער פֿון דדָנען זײַנען געװען אַשורים, און לטושים, און לְאומים.
Licence: CC0
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Jakschan erzeugte Scheba und Dedan; die Söhne Dedans aber waren in die Ebene hin Wohnende, einzeln Gerüstete, und Staatengruppen.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Kaj de Jokŝan naskiĝis Ŝeba kaj Dedan. Kaj la filoj de Dedan estis la Aŝuridoj, Letuŝidoj, kaj Leumidoj.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Joksciàn generò Scevà e Dedàn. I discendenti di Dedàn sono gli Asciurei, i Letuscei ed i Leummei.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
A Jokszan spłodził Szebę i Dedana. A synowie Dedana byli: Aszurowie, i Letuszowie, i Leumowie.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Genèse 25:3
Rashi
עברית
אשורים ולטושים. שֵׁם ראשי אומות. (שם ה.) ותרגום של אונקלוס אין לי לישבו על לשון המקרא, שפירש לְמַשִירְיָן, לשון מחנה, ואל תאמר שאינו כן מפני האל"ף שאינה יסודית, הרי לנו תיבות שאין בראשם אל"ף, ונתוספה אל"ף בראשם, כמו חֹומַת אֲנָךְ, שהוא מן נְכֵה רַגְלָיִם, וכמו אָסוּךְ שָׁמֶן, שהוא מן וְרָחַצְתְּ וָסַכְתְּ:
ולטושם. הם בעלי אהלים, המתפזרים אנה ואנה, ונוסעים איש באהלי אַפַדְנוֹ, וכן הוא אומר וְהִנֵּה נְטוּשִׁים עַל פְּנֵי כָל הָאָרֶץ, (שמואל א ל, טז.) שכן למ"ד ונו"ן מתחלפות זו בזו:
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And Jokshan begat Sheva and Dedan; and the sons of Dedan were merchants, and negotiators, and chiefs of peoples.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
אשורים. יש אומרים כי אשורים שהיו יודעים הדרכים ולטושים. צופים מרחוק והנכון בעיני כי הם שמות ואין בהם תאר שם:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
ASSHURIM, AND LETUSHIM, AND LEUMMIM. Rashi comments: “These were the names of clan chieftains. But I cannot reconcile Onkelos’ translation with the language of the text.” as meaning “camps,” Letushim as “owners of tents who spread about in all directions,” and Leumim as “islands” or “sea-districts.” Upon this Rashi comments that he cannot make Onkelos’ translation fit in exactly with the words of the text. Ramban now proceeds to explain Onkelos’ understanding on the verse and also the reason why he was forced to make this translation.
It appears to me that Onkelos was of the opinion that Asshurim means camps, companies that travel the roads from city to city, just as it says, a company of Ishmaelites. Onkelos thus considered Asshurim as being derived from the expressions, To His steps (‘ba’ashuro’) hath my foot held fast; His steps (‘ashurav’) do not slide. And Onkelos’ opinion of Letushim is that they are the ones who dwell in tents that are scattered over the face of the earth, resting today in one place and tomorrow in another, for the letter lamed and nun interchange in many places, [thus Letushim would be like Netushim (scattered ones)] just like lishchah and nishchah, [both of which mean “chamber”]; And on that day men were appointed over ‘haneshachoth’ (the chambers)., 12:44. From this root is derived the expression, a sword ‘netushah,’ which is the same as letushah (sharpened). And of the word Le’ummim Onkelos said ulenagvon, [which is Aramaic for the Hebrew word] iyim (islands).
Onkelos was stirred to this translation by the word hayu [and the children of Dedan ‘hayu’ (were) Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim], when it would have been proper to express it similarly to the verse, And Mitzraim begot Ludim, and Ananim, and Lehabim, and Naphtihim.
And in Bereshith Rabbah we find: “Rabbi Shmuel the son of Rav Nachman said that even though we translate these names and say, ‘Merchants, flaming ones, and heads of peoples,’ all of them were heads of peoples.” The matter is as I have explained. The translators rendered Asshurim as “merchants, those who walk the road.” From the word Letushim (sharp, shiny) they derived “men of wickedness,” their faces are faces of flame, burning as torches, from the roots: to sharpen ( liltosh ) his plowshare, and his coulter; He sharpened ( yiltosh ) his eyes upon me. But Rabbi Shmuel the son of Rav Nachman said that even though they are accustomed to thus translate these names, they are still only the proper names of the heads of people, there being no descriptive name among them at all. And such is the case.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Radak (David Kimhi)
English
ויקשן, The Torah mentions only some of the children of Keturah’s sons. In the case of Yokshon even a grandson of Keturah is mentioned. Altogether the Torah mentions by name 16 such sons and grandsons. We are hard-pressed to know the reason for the Torah’s selectivity in mentioning only part of the many grandsons, etc. Perhaps those whom Avraham or at least Keturah still knew before they died, are mentioned by name, whereas those who were born by his/her sons after he had died were not mentioned. Considering that Avraham had married Keturah when he was 140 years old or older, he lived for only another 35 years, it would have been unlikely that he saw grandchildren from Keturah, considering that we have no record of anyone marrying below the age of 29 in those days.
אשורים ולטושים ולאמים, we do not know why the names of these three sons appear with the plural ending ים at the end. Possibly, these sons knew why they had been named thus. It is interesting that מצרים, a son of Cham, also gave his sons names ending with the ים plural ending. According to Onkelos, the names mentioned here were not their real names, as he translates their names as למשריין, ולשכונין, ולנגון.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria