17
Aliya 4
Aliya 5
Que si elle ne lave point ses vêtements et ne baigne point son corps, elle en portera la peine."
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Lévitique 17:7 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
They shall no longer slaughter their sacrifices to the demons after which they go astray. This shall be an everlasting statute for them, for their descendants.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And they shall sacrifice no more their sacrifices to the satyrs [demons], after which they go astray. An everlasting statute shall this be to them throughout their generations.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וְלֹא־יִזְבְּח֥וּ עוֹד֙ אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶ֔ם לַשְּׂעִירִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And they shall no more sacrifice their sacrifices unto the satyrs, after whom they go astray. This shall be a statute for ever unto them throughout their generations. .
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וְלֹא־יִזְבְּח֥וּ עוֹד֙ אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶ֔ם לַשְּׂעִירִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ולא יזבחו עוד את זבחיהם לשעירם אשר הם זנים אחריהם חקת עולם תהיה זאת להם לדרתם
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וְלֹא־יִזְבְּחוּ עוֹד אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם לַשְּׂעִירִם אֲשֶׁר הֵם זֹנִים אַחֲרֵיהֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם תִּהְיֶה־זֹּאת לָהֶם לְדֹרֹתָם׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און זײ זאָלן מער ניט שלאַכטן זײערע שלאַכטאָפּפֿער צו די שדים, װאָס זײ זײַנען פֿאַרפירט נאָך זײ. אַן אײביק געזעץ זאָל דאָס זײ זײַן אױף זײערע דוֹר-דוֹרות.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
et ils n’offriront plus leurs sacrifices aux démons, au culte desquels ils se prostituent. Que cela soit une loi immuable pour eux, dans leurs générations.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Aby nie ofiarowali już rzeźnego bydła swego kosmaczom, za któremi się uganiają: Ustawą wieczną będzie to dla nich w pokoleniach ich.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Auf dass sie nicht ferner opfern ihre Opfer den Teufeln, denen sie nachgebuhlt haben; eine ewige Satzung sei das ihnen für die künftigen Geschlechter.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Ili ne buĉu plu siajn oferbrutojn al la demonoj, kiujn ili malĉaste adoras. Leĝo eterna tio estu por ili en iliaj generacioj.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Lévitique 17:7
Rashi
עברית
לשעירם. לשדים, כמו (ישעיה יג כא) ושעירים ירקדו שם:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
Neither shall they offer any more their sacrifices unto idols which are like unto demons, after which they have wandered. This shall be an everlasting statute to them, unto their generations.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
English
to the satyrs [Hebrew: las̀s̀e⊂irim] These are the demons, so called because when one sees them, one’s body convulses [Hebrew: yis̀ta‘er]. Also, the lunatics who see these demons experience visions of goat-like creatures [Hebrew: s̀e’irim]. The word no longer teaches that, in Egypt, this had been Israel’s practice.
they stray [literally: they prostitute themselves] Anyone who summons demons, or believes in them, is faithless to his God. He thinks that benefit or harm can come from a source other than God, the Glorious and Awesome. This passage does not mention the resident alien, because it pertains to Israel’s sacrificial offerings; however, the subsequent passage does mention the resident alien. Here the resident alien is mentioned because Israel must not allow an alien to offer idolatrous sacrifices within the Land of Israel. Likewise, they may not drink blood, which is forbidden because it represents life: the life of the body depends on the blood (A man lives by means of the blood which comes from his heart.)
Ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch - trans. by Jay F. Shachter · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
AND THEY SHALL NO MORE SACRIFICE THEIR SACRIFICES ‘LA’SE’IRIM’ AFTER WHOM THEY GO ASTRAY. “La’se’irim means ‘unto the demons.’ Similarly it states, ‘u’se’irim’ (and demons) shall dance there.” This is Rashi’s language, derived from the Torath Kohanim. 9:8. Now Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra wrote that “the demons are so called [se’irim, a word which is connected with sei’ar, meaning ‘hair’], because on seeing them a person’s hair stands up on his body. But it is likely that they are called se’irim [a word which also means ‘goats’], because mentally deranged persons see them in the form of goats. And the word ‘more’ [in the verse before us, and they shall no ‘more’ sacrifice …] indicates that the Israelites used to do so in Egypt. After whom they go astray denotes that whoever seeks after them and believes in them ‘goes astray’ from his G-d, since he thinks that there is a power that can cause good or evil apart from the Glorious and Fearful Name.” [Thus far the words of Ibn Ezra.]
Now Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra has indeed hinted at the truth concerning the word “more,” as I have written above. The name se’irim will also be made clear to you there. They are also called sheidim [“demons,” as Rashi interpreted here — a word which is connected with shodad, meaning “devastate, despoil, ruin”], because they dwell in “devastated” places, such as the desert, and their principal habitat is in the far corners [of the earth], such as the northern extremity of the earth which is wasteland on account of the cold climate.
Know that just as the formation at the original Creation of man’s body as well as that of all living creatures, vegetation and minerals, was from the four elements, which were combined by Divine power to form material bodies which as a result of their thickness and coarseness could be perceived by the five senses, even so there was a creation from only two elements, fire and air, resulting in a body which cannot be felt, nor perceived by any of the [five] senses, just as the soul of an animal cannot be perceived by human senses because of its delicacy. The body [of these creatures of two elements] is of a spiritual nature; on account of its delicacy and lightness it can fly through fire and air. And just as the combination of the four elements in any object is the cause of its existence and its destruction [since everything that is composite must ultimately revert to its …
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
חקת עולם תהיה זאת, not to offer sacrifices to the demons even though they were not being equated with deities in any manner, but were considered only as creatures that could be employed by their human masters. They even used to employ such demons for errands to distant countries. We have documented proof of this in the case of Joseph Shida [the demon named Joseph].(Sanhedrin 59, compare Nachmanides) and about the demon who was prominent in the household of Rav bar Rav Ashi (Chulin 105). Had such demons been considered deities it is inconceivable that people of Rav Ashi’s stature or Rav Pappa’s stature would have had any track with them whatsoever.
It is reported in the Talmud that whereas little is known about the manner of these demons’ creation, they are known to eat and drink just as human beings. It is further worthy of mention that the sages, collectively, referred to the phenomenon of the demons as מזיקים, destructive, harmful phenomena. They multiply in a manner similar to humans and they die a regular death. They see without being seen themselves.
Apparently, although they are composed of composite material, their bones are extremely thin and transparent. The author speculates that just as ordinary human beings in common with the animals possess a נפש חיוני “intangible life-force” which, seeing that it dies with the body it inhabits, as distinct from the human נשמה which is an intangible spirit emanating in the celestial regions, is basically terrestrial in nature, these demons are “powered” by such a life-force. The reason we find that “life-force” referred to on occasion as נפש is the fact that it cannot exist without its tangible partner, the one which feeds on food and drink secured from what is available in our terrestrial universe.
Consider the very fact that the Torah describes “blood as the life-force” (Deuteronomy 12,23). If someone were to sacrifice blood to such a creature, especially, seeing that it is powerful enough to sustain the life of such creatures, the blood sacrificed to such creatures would be equivalent to keeping these demons alive. (compare Maimonides, Moreh Nevuchim,3,46 on the subject).
This would be a violation of the statement in Chulin 105 כל מידי דצייר וחתים וכייל ומני לית לן רשותא למשקל מינעה. This is a conversation between the “owner” of a demon, Mar bar Rav Ashi, according to which the demon who had not paid back a loan on time to the “owner” claimed that his power to collect objects in this world …
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria