19
Parachat Kedoshim
Aliya 1
Aliya 2
Le pontife lui fera expier par ce bélier délictif, devant le Seigneur, le péché qu’il a commis, et le péché qu’il a commis lui sera pardonné.
Aliya 3
Aliya 4
Observez donc toutes mes lois et tous mes statuts, et accomplissez-les: je suis l’Éternel."
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Lévitique 19:26 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
You shall not eat [sacred offerings] [before] the blood [is sprinkled on the altar]. You shall not act on the basis of omens nor act on the basis of auspicious times.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
You shall not eat over the blood [(an exhortation against eating the flesh of kodshim before the sprinkling of the blood, an exhortation against eating (the flesh of) a non-consecrated beast before the life has gone out of it, etc.)]. You shall not practice divination, [in the manner of those who (attempt to) divine propitious times) from certain occurrences, viz.: "His bread fell from his mouth," "A deer crossed his path," etc.], and you shall not practice soothsaying (lo teoneinu) from onoth ("times"), e.g., "This day is auspicious for beginning work," etc.]
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּ עַל־הַדָּ֑ם לֹ֥א תְנַחֲשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תְעוֹנֵֽנוּ׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
Ye shall not eat with the blood; neither shall ye practise divination nor soothsaying.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּ עַל־הַדָּ֑ם לֹ֥א תְנַחֲשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תְעוֹנֵֽנוּ׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
לא תאכלו על הדם לא תנחשו ולא תעוננו
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַל־הַדָּם לֹא תְנַחֲשׁוּ וְלֹא תְעוֹנֵנוּ׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
איר זאָלט ניט עסן מיטן בלוט. איר זאָלט ניט צױבערן און ניט װאָרזאָגן.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Ne faites point de repas près du sang; ne vous livrez pas à la divination ni aux présages.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Nie jadajcie wobec krwi; nie zajmujcie się wróżbiarstwem i czarami!
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Ihr sollt nichts mit Blut essen; ihr sollt nicht zaubern und nicht aus Wolken deuten.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Ne manĝu kun sango; ne aŭguru kaj ne antaŭdiru sorĉe.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Lévitique 19:26
Rashi
עברית
לא תאכלו על הדם. להרבה פנים נדרש בסנהדרין (סג א) אזהרה שלא יאכל מבשר קדשים לפני זריקת דמים, ואזהרה לאוכל מבהמת חלין טרם שתצא נפשה, ועוד הרבה:
לא תנחשו. כגון אלו המנחשין בחלדה ובעופות, פתו נפלה מפיו, צבי הפסיקו בדרך:
ולא תעוננו. לשון עונות ושעות, שאומר יום פלוני יפה להתחיל מלאכה, שעה פלונית קשה לצאת:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
You shall not eat the flesh of any sacrifice while the blood remaineth in the veins. You shall not be observers of auguries, after the sanhedrin of the speculators.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
English
Do not eat on blood This commandment (which prohibits eating meat from any of the permitted species of animals until its blood is dashed upon the Altar of God) logically follows the previous one (which prohibits eating fruit from a domesticated tree until the fifth year). It applies only in the vicinity of the Sanctuary, and this is borne out by Sha ul’s words [I Samuel 14:34], for he had the Ark with him [I Samuel 14:18]. By saying [I Samuel 14:33] that they were “eating on blood”, it is as if Scripture accused them of eating sacrifices to the satyrs. As I have explained, it was an Egyptian custom to offer sacrifices to demons; and if one has not dashed the blood against the Altar in the name of God, it is apparent that one is eating in the name of demons. For this reason the commandment is juxtaposed to Do not believe in omens: The Egyptians used to eat on blood, and stray after the demons; the Canaanites used to believe in omens, and in propitious times (as it is written [Deuteronomy 18:14]). Once again Scripture associates Egyptian and Canaanite practices, as expressed earlier by “the deeds of the land of Egypt…the deeds of the land of Canaan” [18:3]. People look for omens to test things about which they are uncertain, as in “I have tested you by divination, and have established that God has blessed me…” [Genesis 30:27]. Shapes, special rods, unusual events, and arbitrary movements have all been used as omens, as well as days of the year or hours of the day.
Do not believe in auspicious times [Hebrew: lo t‘onenu] Some people say that this word comes from “answer” [Hebrew: ‘ana]: one concentrates on some particular question, and listens carefully to something to hear how he will be answered. This etymology is grammatically unacceptable. Other people relate the word to “her scheduled times” [Hebrew: ‘onatah] [Exodus 21:10]. In my opinion the word derives from “cloud” [Hebrew: ‘anan]. It is well known that people perform divination on clouds, by observing their shapes and their movements. The word is most likely an ‘ayin- ‘ayin verb (as in “to turn” [Hebrew: s-b-b]). Here the verb is in the polel form. It appears in the qal form in “soothsayers like the Philistines” [Isaiah 2:6]. A clearer example is found in “a diviner of auspicious times, or a diviner of omens” [Deuteronomy 18:10].
Ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch - trans. by Jay F. Shachter · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
YE SHALL NOT EAT WITH THE BLOOD. “This passage has been explained in many different ways in Tractate Sanhedrin.” This is the language of Rashi. Now the conclusion of that discussion in the Talmud is that all those interpretations [of the verse before us] are Torah-ordained, since Scripture included all manner of “eating with the blood” in one negative commandment. And if so, that which Scripture states in the case of Saul, Behold, the people sin against the Eternal, in that they eat with the blood, means that they transgressed one of the prohibitions included in this negative commandment, since they were eating of an animal [slaughtered properly] before its life had entirely left it. It is with reference to this that Scripture states there, And the people flew upon the spoil,, Verse 32. like a bird of prey that tears its victim and eats it, and they took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground; and the people did eat them with the blood., Verse 32. Because of the abundance of spoil of cattle [that they had taken from the Philistines], as soon as [they were slaughtered properly and] their blood was spilled on the ground, they tore off their limbs and ate them before life had entirely left the animals.
In line with the plain meaning of Scripture, this seems to have been a kind of witchcraft or divination, since [the meaning of this passage] may be deduced from its context; [i.e., from the second half of this verse which states, neither shall ye practice divination nor soothsaying, we may deduce that the first half of the verse, Ye shall not eat with the blood also refers to some form of witchcraft, as will be explained]. Thus they used to spill the blood [of the cattle] and gather it in a hollow, which was then attended, according to their opinion, by the satyrs, and they would eat at their tables to tell them future events. Now when the Israelites were at that time camping with Saul, they were very much afraid of the Philistines, and Saul did nothing except for inquiring of the Urim and Thummim, as it is said, Let us draw near hither unto G-d, while the people were inquiring of the satyrs or of witchcraft to know their way and what to do, and they were eating with the blood in order to perform that craft [mentioned above]. It is for this reason that Scripture there states, Then they told Saul, saying: ‘Behold, the people sin against the Eternal, in that they eat with the blood.’ And he said: ‘Ye have dealt treacherously,’, Verse 33. meaning to say: “Behold, G-d has wrought for you this day this great salvation, and you inquire of no-gods! It is treachery!” I will yet explain the prohibition against soothsaying and enchanting.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
לא תאכלו על הדם, according to the plain meaning of the text this is something we can derive by merely reading the context in which it has been written, i.e. while the blood of the slaughtered animal has not yet been removed.
לא תנחשו ולא תעוננו, unless warned against these practices the Jews would also engage in such practices as eating on the grave of the slain for the sake of protecting themselves against the vengeance by the spirit of the murdered person (particularly murdered witches). The Talmud Sanhedrin 63 lists a number of possible scenarios described by our verse.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
לא תאכלו על הדם לא תנחשו ולא תעננו, all of these practices were commonplace also among the Israelites who were desperate to gain advance knowledge of what was in store for them individually. Such practices had to be eradicated if the people were to progress from an overall environment of spiritual morass, רוח טומאה, to spiritual bliss, רוח טהרה ונבואה, spiritual purity and prophetic spirit.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria