22
Aliya 3
Si elle avait été mise en pièces, qu’il en produise la preuve; il ne paiera point pour la bête mise en pièces.
et mon courroux s’enflammera et je vous ferai périr par le glaive et alors vos femmes aussi deviendront veuves et vos enfants orphelins.
Aliya 4
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 22:2 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
If the sun shone on him, there is liability for his blood. He must make full restitution. If he does not have [the means to do so], he shall be sold [as a slave to pay] for his theft.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
If the sun shone upon him [i.e., If it is obvious that the thief would not kill him (as in the instance of a father stealing from a son)], he (the thief) "has blood" [i.e., he is regarded as a "live man," and one who kills him is a murderer.] Pay shall he [the thief] pay [for what he stole (but he is not to be put to death)]. If he lacks it, he is to be sold for his theft.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be bloodguiltiness for him—he shall make restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
אם זרחה השמש עליו דמים לו שלם ישלם אם אין לו ונמכר בגנבתו
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
אִם־זָרְחָה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָיו דָּמִים לוֹ שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם אִם־אֵין לוֹ וְנִמְכַּר בִּגְנֵבָתוֹ׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
אױב אָבער די זון איז אױפֿגעגאַנגען איבער אים, איז דאָ פֿאַר אים בלוטשולד. באַצאָלן מוז ער באַצאָלן; אױב ער האָט ניט, זאָל ער פֿאַרקױפֿט װערן פֿאַר זײַן גנבֿה.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Si le soleil a éclairé son délit, son sang serait vengé. Lui cependant doit réparer; et s’il ne le peut, il sera vendu pour son vol.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Se poi gli è spuntato sopra il sole [cioè se era giorno], ha sangue. Egli avrebbe pagato; e se nol poteva, sarebbe stato venduto pel suo furto.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Jeżeli zaś świeciło słońce nad nim, to jest o niego wina krwi. Zapłatą niechaj się opłaci; a jeżeli nic nie ma, sprzedany będzie za kradzież swoję.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Wenn dies aber bei Tage geschehen ist, so ist Blutschuld seinetwegen, denn er hätte nur das Gestohlene [doppelt] zu bezahlen, wenn er nichts hat, werde er verkauft um seinen Diebstahl.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Hat die Sonne über ihm getagt, so ist Blutschuld seinetwegen. Zum Ersatz ist er verpflichtet; hat er nichts, so wird er für seinen Diebstahl verkauft.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Sed se lumis super li la suno, tiam oni juĝu lin pro la sango. La ŝtelinto pagu kompenson; se li ne havas, tiam oni lin vendu pro lia ŝtelo.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 22:2
Rashi
עברית
אם זרחה השמש עליו. אין זה אלא כמין משל, אם ברור לך הדבר שיש לו שלום עמך, כשמש הזה שהוא שלום בעולם, כך פשוט לך שאינו בא להרוג אפילו יעמוד בעל הממון כנגדו, כגון אב החותר לגנוב ממון הבן, בידוע שרחמי האב על הבן ואינו בא על עסקי נפשות (מכילתא פי"ג, — סנהדרין עב.):
דמים לו. כחי הוא חשוב, ורציחה היא אם יהרגנו בעל הבית:
שלם ישלם. הגנב ממון שגנב, ואינו חייב מיתה. ואונקלוס שתרגם אם עינא דסהדיא נפלת עלוהי, לקח לו שטה אחרת, לומר שאם מצאוהו עדים קודם שבא בעל הבית, וכשבא בעל הבית נגדו התרו בו שלא יהרגהו, דמים לו, חייב עליו אם הרגו, שמאחר שיש רואים לו, אין הגנב הזה בא על עסקי נפשות, ולא יהרוג את בעל הממון:
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
If the thing be as clear as the sun that he was not entering to destroy life, and one hath killed him, the guilt of the shedding of innocent blood is upon him; and if spared from his hand, restoring he shall restore. If he have not wherewith to restore, the beth din shall sell him for his theft until the year of release.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
אם זרחה השמש. שלם ישלם. שב אל הכתוב למעלה חמשה בקר ישלם וגו'. כמו לעם נכרי. ואף לאמתך תעשה כן. כי הוא שב אל הפסוק העליון. הענק תעניק לו:
ונמכר בגנבתו. בעבור גניבתו:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
IF THE SUN HAS RISEN UPON HIM.. 2. If the sun be risen upon him ‘damim lo’ (there shall be guilt of blood incurred for him). He shall make restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. “This is nothing but a metaphorical expression, [for did the sun rise upon him alone? Does it not rise upon the whole world? It means etc.] But Onkelos who rendered the phrase if the sun has risen upon him as: ‘if the eye of the witnesses fell upon him’ chose a different way of interpreting the verse, which is as follows: if the witnesses found the thief before the householder came, and when the householder came to resist the thief, they warned him not to kill the thief, then damim lo, he is liable if he killed him, for since there were witnesses watching him, the thief had no thought of taking human life, and he would not have killed the householder.” Thus is Rashi’s language.
But I wonder! When He said above [in Verse 1], there shall be no guilt of blood incurred for him, thereby acquitting the householder for the murder of the thief, it must surely be speaking of a case where the witnesses warned him not to kill him, for no murderer is ever liable to death without prior warning. And if you say then that in stating: there shall be no guilt of blood incurred for him, Heaven permitted the thief’s blood to be shed, that is to say, it is permissible to kill him — that is not true! particular verse. For while the law itself is true [that the owner is permitted to kill him], but here the verse speaks of a case where he has already killed him! So how can you say that the intent of the verse is to give him permission to kill him, when he has already killed him! Moreover, since damim lo [in Verse 2] declares the householder culpable both by the court and at the hand of Heaven, then ein lo damim [in the preceeding verse, stating the opposite case], must as a counterpart free him from both, and the way Rashi interpreted Onkelos ein lo damim frees him only from punishment at the hand of Heaven! In other words, Verse 2 must be a case where there were witnesses, as is indicated by the phrase if the sun be risen upon him, as Rashi understands Onkelos. In contrast Verse 1 speaks of a case where there were no witnesses, and hence it cannot refer at all to freeing him from the death by the court, for the court can never act anyway without witnesses; but instead it refers only to freeing him …
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
אם זרחה השמש, if he was stealing in broad daylight.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
ונמכר בגנבתו, if the Torah had not legislated this form of paying off one’s debt for theft most of the poor people of the nation would become thieves, knowing that they did not have to make restitution except with liquid assets. As a result of such lack of legislation civilisation would disintegrate into anarchy.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
English
שלם ישלם שנים, “must pay twice the value of what he had destroyed” The Talmud tractate Baba Kamma, folio 60, quotes G–d as having said: “I have lit a destructive fire in Zion,” (Lamentations 4,11) it therefore behooves Me when (the time comes) to pay for the destruction I have caused.” This is the deeper meaning of what the prophet Zecharyah has said in Zecharyah 2,9, “I will be for Zion a (protective) wall of fire all around it.”
Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria