11
Aliya 6
Aliya 7
afin qu’on distingue l’impur d’avec le pur, et l’animal qui peut être mangé de celui qu’on ne doit pas manger."
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Lévitique 11:20 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
All winged insects that walk on four [legs] are repulsive to you.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
All creeping things that fly, which walk on four [such as flies, hornets, gnats, and locusts,] are detestable to you.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
All winged swarming things that go upon all fours are a detestable thing unto you.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ (ס)
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
כל שרץ העוף ההלך על ארבע שקץ הוא לכם
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
כֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע שֶׁקֶץ הוּא לָכֶם׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און יעטװעדער געפֿליגלטע װידעמנונג װאָס גײט אױף פיר, זי איז אַן אומװערדיקײט פֿאַר אײַך.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Tout insecte ailé qui marche sur quatre pieds vous sera une abomination.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Wszelki rój skrzydlaty, chodzący na czworakach, obrzydliwością będzie dla was.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Alles fliegende Gewürm, das auf Vieren geht, sei euch ein Ekel.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Ĉio moviĝanta, kio havas flugilojn kaj iras kvarpiede, estas abomenindaĵo por vi.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Lévitique 11:20
Rashi
עברית
שרץ העוף. הם הדקים הנמוכים הרוחשין על הארץ, כגון זבובים וצרעין ויתושין וחגבים:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And every flying reptile that goeth upon four, the fly species, the wasp (or hornet) species, and the bee species shall be an abomination to you: nevertheless of honey of the bee you may eat.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
SHERETZ HA’OPH’ (WINGED SWARMING THINGS). “These are the thin, lowly creatures which crawl upon the ground, such as flies and hornets, mosquitoes and grasshoppers.” This is Rashi’s language. But I do not consider it to be correct, for a bird is not called sheretz (a swarming thing) on account of its smallness, nor is the unqualified term oph (bird) used because of the largeness of its body. The bat has very small legs, and many kinds of grasshoppers have larger ones than it, so why is the bat not called sheretz ha’oph (a winged swarming thing) like the grasshoppers? Rather, the meaning of sheretz ha’oph is written [in Scripture immediately] after it: that go upon all fours. For all fowls that walk upon two legs, have erect necks, and their heads face upwards, and they always depend on their wings and flap them; therefore they are called oph kanaph (winged fowl), or just oph. But those that have [four] legs walk lowly, with their neck and head bent downwards like creeping things, and therefore they are called sheretz ha’oph (a winged creeping thing), as I have explained in Seder Bereshith. Similarly He referred back here and explained, And all ‘sheretz ha’oph’ (winged creeping things) which have four feet, are a detestable thing unto you, the meaning thereof being as if He had said: “all winged creeping things which have only four feet and do not have jointed legs [above their feet] as mentioned [in Verse 21 amongst the signs of purity], are a detestable thing unto you.” The interpretation thereof in Torath Kohanim is: 3:10. “Rabbi says: And all ‘sheretz ha’oph’ (winged creeping things) which have four feet, are a detestable thing. But if it has five feet, it is a clean species.”
Now in this section regarding winged creeping things there is only a positive commandment, etc. (Verse 21), from which you derive the principle that those that do not meet these criteria, are forbidden to be eaten by means of a negative commandment, and a negative commandment derived from a positive commandment carries the force of the positive commandment. Hence he who eats forbidden winged swarming (or creeping) things transgresses a positive commandment, for which there is no punishment by the court. But in the Book of Deuteronomy, Ramban continues, there is also an express negative commandment against eating it. Hence he who eats it incurs whipping. but in the Book of Deuteronomy there is a prohibition mentioned in connection with it, [namely], And all ‘sheretz ha’oph’ (winged creeping things) are unclean unto you; they shall not be eaten. It is on the basis of that verse there that whipping is incurred for violation thereof.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
ההולך על ארבע; similar to bees.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria