11
Aliya 6
Aliya 7
afin qu’on distingue l’impur d’avec le pur, et l’animal qui peut être mangé de celui qu’on ne doit pas manger."
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Lévitique 11:3 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
All that have a cloven hoof, and they [the hooves] are [completely] split and that [also] chews its cud among animals, you may eat it.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
Whatever has parted hooves, and whose hooves are wholly cloven, and which chews its cud [lit., "which brings up its cud" (to chew again)] in the beast [(including an embryo found in the mother)] it shall you eat [(a positive commandment added to the negative (below) to make for "double" transgression in the instance of non-observance)]
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is wholly cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that may ye eat.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
כל מפרסת פרסה ושסעת שסע פרסת מעלת גרה בבהמה אתה תאכלו
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
כֹּל מַפְרֶסֶת פַּרְסָה וְשֹׁסַעַת שֶׁסַע פְּרָסֹת מַעֲלַת גֵּרָה בַּבְּהֵמָה אֹתָהּ תֹּאכֵלוּ׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
איטלעכע װאָס איז באַקלױט מיט קלױען, און די קלױען זײַנען בײַ איר צעשפּאָלטן, װאָס איז מַעֲלֵה-גֵרֶה צװישן בהמות, זי מעגט איר עסן.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
tout ce qui a le pied corné et divisé en deux ongles, parmi les animaux ruminants, vous pouvez le manger.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Wszelkie bydlę mające rozdwojone kopyta, i rozszczepiające kopyta przecięcie, przeżuwające żułek, z pomiędzy bydła, - takie jeść możecie.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Alles, was behuft ist und gespaltene Klauen hat und wiederkäuend ist unter den vierfüßigen, das dürft ihr essen.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
ĉiun bruton, kiu havas disfenditajn hufojn kaj distranĉan sulkon sur la hufoj kaj kiu remaĉas maĉitaĵon, vi povas manĝi.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Lévitique 11:3
Rashi
עברית
מפרסת. כתרגומו סדיקא:
פרסה. פלאנט"ה בלע"ז [כף רגל]:
ושסעת שסע. שמבדלת מלמעלה ומלמטה בשתי צפרנין, כתרגומו ומטלפא טלפין, שיש שפרסותיו סדוקות מלמעלה ואינן שסועות ומבדלות לגמרי, שמלמטה מחברות:
מעלת גרה. מעלה ומקיאה האוכל ממעיה ומחזרת אותו לתוך פיה לכתשו ולטחנו הדק:
גרה. כך שמו ויתכן להיות מגזרת מים הנגרים (שמואל ב יד יד), שהוא נגרר אחר הפה. ותרגומו פשרא שעל ידי הגרה האוכל נפשר ונמוח:
בבהמה. תיבה זו יתרה היא לדרשה, להתיר את השליל הנמצא במעי אמו:
אתה תאכלו. ולא בהמה טמאה והלא באזהרה היא, אלא לעבור עליה בעשה ולא תעשה:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
Whatsoever divideth the hoof and is cloven-footed, and that which hath horns bringing up the cud among the beasts, that you may eat.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
English
hoofed an adjective, as in “horned and hoofed” [Psalms 69:32], denoting anything that can be said to have a hoof.
split an adjective, denoting an animal whose hoofs are split.
cud-chewing “cud” [Hebrew: gera] is derived from the word “throat” [Hebrew: garon. chewing a verb. Scripture mentions the camel, the cony, the hare, and the swine, because each of these species displays exactly one of the signs. The Hebrew language generally uses the name of the male of the species as a generic term which includes the female as well. Here Scripture uses the term for a female cony — some say because the male is rarely seen, some say because the male becomes female and back again. The former explanation seems more probable.
Ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch - trans. by Jay F. Shachter · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
WHATSOEVER PARTETH THE HOOF, AND IS WHOLLY CLOVEN-FOOTED, AND CHEWETH THE CUD, AMONG THE BEASTS; THAT MAY YE EAT. The meaning of this verse is that every animal which has these two signs, you may eat, but you may not eat it if it has only one sign. Now it would have been proper if He would merely state the law in this general way. However, He singled out the camel, the rock-badger, and the hare as having only the one sign of chewing the cud, and the swine as having the one sign of a parted hoof, because there are no other animals in the world that have only one sign. He then repeated [as a general rule applying to those with no sign at all, and those with only one sign], Of their flesh ye shall not eat, which denotes a negative commandment.
Now Rashi wrote: “From this verse I know only about these [four animals mentioned]. Whence do I know that other unclean animals that have no signs of purity, may not be eaten? You derive it by the rule of kal vachomer., p. 133, Note 208, for further explanation. How is it with these four animals mentioned, that have some of the signs of purity? They are forbidden! [It follows all the more so that those which have none of the signs, are surely forbidden to be eaten!]” In the words of the Sifra: 3:2. “What is the law concerning those animals that have some of the signs of purity? They are forbidden to be eaten by a negative commandment. Is it not logical that other unclean animals which have none of the characteristics of purity, should be forbidden to be eaten by means of a negative commandment! Thus we find that the camel, the rock-badger, the hare and the swine are explicitly forbidden by Scripture, whilst the other impure animals are forbidden on the strnegth of a kal vachomer., p. 133, Note 208, for further explanation. It is also established that the positive commandment [regarding unclean animals] is Scriptural, (Verse 2). From this we deduce the converse, negative commandment, that any animal which does not have these two characteristics of a permissible animal, is not allowed as food; and a negative commandment derived from a positive commandment has the force of a positive commandment. Hence one who eats an impure animal violates both a positive commandment [these ye may eat, as explained above], and negative commandment [of their flesh ye shall not eat], See “The Commandments,” Vol. II, pp. 167-168). while the negative commandment regarding them is …
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
מפרסת פרסה, a nail similar to a shoe; the word, though it sounds like it does not mean “two or more separate nails,” such as are found on the toes of rabbits, etc.
ושסעת שסע, the hoof being completely split into two parts, unlike the hoof of a horse or donkey which is all in one piece. According to the plain meaning of the text and the opinion of the heretics all the domesticated beasts, free roaming beasts, birds and fish and certain types of locusts and other creeping creatures that G’d has outlawed for consumption by Jews is due to the fact that they cause excessive heat in our bodies when eaten, affecting our health detrimentally, and therefore they are called טמאים, impure. There is support for this theory also among physicians. Even in the Talmud (Shabbat 86) the opinion is offered that gentiles who do consume these creeping creatures damage their bodies thereby.
מעלה גרה; regurgitating the food into the foodpipe before finally digesting it.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
עברית
כל מפרסת פרסה ושוסעת שסע. פרש"י למעוטי גמל שפרסותיו סדוק' מלמעלה ומלמטה הם מחוברות וצ"ע דא"כ היה לו למעט גמל מדין שסועה ולכתוב ושסע איננו שוסע:
daat zekenim · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria