21
Parachat Mishpatim
Aliya 1
Aliya 2
et s’il fait tomber une dent à son esclave ou à sa servante, il lui rendra la liberté à cause de sa dent.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 21:18 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
When men quarrel and one man hits his fellow with a stone or with [his] fist; and he [the victim] does not die but becomes bedridden,
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And if men quarrel and a man strike his neighbor with stone or fist and he not die, but become bedridden [and work-disabled],
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וְכִֽי־יְרִיבֻ֣ן אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְהִכָּה־אִישׁ֙ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ בְּאֶ֖בֶן א֣וֹ בְאֶגְרֹ֑ף וְלֹ֥א יָמ֖וּת וְנָפַ֥ל לְמִשְׁכָּֽב׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And if men contend, and one smite the other with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keep his bed;
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וְכִֽי־יְרִיבֻ֣ן אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְהִכָּה־אִישׁ֙ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ בְּאֶ֖בֶן א֣וֹ בְאֶגְרֹ֑ף וְלֹ֥א יָמ֖וּת וְנָפַ֥ל לְמִשְׁכָּֽב׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
וכי יריבן אנשים והכה איש את רעהו באבן או באגרף ולא ימות ונפל למשכב
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וְכִי־יְרִיבֻן אֲנָשִׁים וְהִכָּה־אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹף וְלֹא יָמוּת וְנָפַל לְמִשְׁכָּב׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און אַז מענטשן װעלן זיך קריגן, און אײנער װעט שלאָגן דעם אַנדערן מיט אַ שטײן, אָדער מיטן פֿױסט, און ער װעט ניט שטאַרבן, נאָר ער װעט זיך אַװעקלײגן אין בעט,
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
"Si des hommes se prennent de querelle et que l’un frappe l’autre d’un coup de pierre ou de poing, sans qu’il en meure, mais qu’il soit forcé de s’aliter,
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Qualora alcuni uomini contendano, e l’uno percuota l’altro con una pietra, o con un pugno, e l’altro non ne muoja, ma rimanga obbligato al letto;
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
A gdy pokłócą się ludzie, a uderzy jeden drugiego kamieniem, albo pięścią, i nie umrze, ale zapadnie na łoże;
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Wenn Männer Streit haben und einer schlägt den andern mit einem Stein oder mit der Faust, und er stirbt nicht, sondern fällt aufs Lager;
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Wenn Männer im Streit begriffen sind, und es schlägt einer den andern mit einem Steine oder einer Faust, es ist nicht tödlich, er kommt aber zu liegen:
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Se homoj kverelos, kaj unu batos la alian per ŝtono aŭ per pugno kaj tiu ne mortos, sed devos kuŝi en lito:
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 21:18
Rashi
עברית
וכי יריבון אנשים. למה נאמר, לפי שנאמר עין תחת עין, לא למדנו אלא דמי איבריו, אבל שבת ורפוי לא למדנו, לכך נאמרה פרשה זו (מכילתא פ"ו):
ונפל למשכב. כתרגומו ויפל לבוטלן, לחולי שמבטלו ממלאכתו:
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And when men strive together, and one smite his neighbour with a stone, or with his fist, so that he die not, but fall ill,
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
וכי יריבן. אמר הגאון באגרוף כמו בעלי אגרופין דבר חזק וקשה. ורבי מרינוס אמר כי האל"ף נוסף כמו אל"ף אזרועי. מגזרת גרפם דבר שיגרוף בידו. וככה בלשון ערבי:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
WITH A STONE OR ‘B’EGROF’ (WITH HIS FIST). Judging from certain expressions of the Rabbis, egrof is the hand closed tightly, with the fingers gathered into the palm for the purpose of striking someone with it. Thus they speak of ba’alei egrofin [literally: “men of fists,” or men of power]; “egrofo (the fist) of Ben Abtiach.” Similarly ‘b’egrof’ of wickedness means the hand of wickedness that strikes. Scripture thus mentioned two kinds of hitting — the hard one, with a stone, and the lighter one, with the fist, which in most cases does not cause death — in order to declare that in both cases an estimate [of the power of the stone or the fist with which he struck him] is needed, and the assailant is meanwhile imprisoned. If the assailed person dies, such as where he struck him a mortal blow, he is a murderer; he shall surely be put to death, but if he does not die, the assailant has to pay him for the loss of his labor and for the cost of the healing.
In the Mechilta [we find the following text]: “Rabbi Nathan says: He has likened the stone to the fist and the fist to the stone. Just as the stone can cause death, so also the blow of the fist must be such that it is capable of causing death. And just as the fist is something that can be identified [and measured for the power of its blow], so also the stone must be such as can be identified. But if the stone with which he struck him became mixed up with other stones, the assailant is free.” This means if the stone became mixed up with other stones, they [e.i., the judges] estimate the lightest one and if it is incapable of causing death, they free the assailant.
Other scholars). have said that the word egrof means “a clod of earth,” the term being derived from the expression: the grains shrivel under ‘megr’fotheihem’ (their clods of earth), and the letter alef [in the word egrof is redundant], as is the alef in the word ezro’a [“arm,” where the word is really zro’a]. And this is the opinion of Onkelos who translated b’egrof — b’churmeiza (a piece of white stone or glazed tile). He mentioned these things also in order to tell us that the assailant who hits him with a clod of earth is also liable to be put to death, if he struck him on a sensitive spot where it is capable of causing death. This is to distinguish the law of the sword from the stone and egrof, for no estimate [of a sword or weapon] needs to be taken [since even a minute piece of metal — such as a needle — can also cause death], as the Sages have mentioned.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
או באגרוף, according to the plain meaning, as Onkelos translates, i.e. with a stone or brick. This is also the opinion of Torat Kohanim in its commentary on Leviticus 14,40. The departure from understanding the word אגרוף as “fist,” is justified with the question: “is someone to be executed for hitting merely with a fist, not a lethal tool?” Isaiah 58,4 להכות באגרוף רשע, “to strike wickedness with a fist” would hardly be a deterrent. It is therefore understood to refer to a large stone. Moreover, when the Torah reports that the victim did not die, surely one does not normally die by being struck with a fist; it stands to reason that the Torah refers to a lethal weapon which failed to kill, i.e. a brick or something similar held in one’s fist causing serious injury.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria