21
Parachat Mishpatim
Aliya 1
Aliya 2
et s’il fait tomber une dent à son esclave ou à sa servante, il lui rendra la liberté à cause de sa dent.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 21:29 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
But if the ox had gored yesterday and the day before, and a warning was given to its owner, but he had not taken proper precautions to guard it, and kills a man or a woman, the ox must be stoned, and the owner also shall die [by Divine decree].
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And if it were a goring ox from yesterday and the day before, [three gorings (including the latest), and the owner were warned [in the presence of witnesses], and he did not guard it, and it killed [(by goring or otherwise)] a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner, too, shall die [at the hands of Heaven].
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וְאִ֡ם שׁוֹר֩ נַגָּ֨ח ה֜וּא מִתְּמֹ֣ל שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ם וְהוּעַ֤ד בִּבְעָלָיו֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְרֶ֔נּוּ וְהֵמִ֥ית אִ֖ישׁ א֣וֹ אִשָּׁ֑ה הַשּׁוֹר֙ יִסָּקֵ֔ל וְגַם־בְּעָלָ֖יו יוּמָֽת׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
But if the ox was wont to gore in time past, and warning hath been given to its owner, and he hath not kept it in, but it hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וְאִ֡ם שׁוֹר֩ נַגָּ֨ח ה֜וּא מִתְּמֹ֣ל שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ם וְהוּעַ֤ד בִּבְעָלָיו֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְרֶ֔נּוּ וְהֵמִ֥ית אִ֖ישׁ א֣וֹ אִשָּׁ֑ה הַשּׁוֹר֙ יִסָּקֵ֔ל וְגַם־בְּעָלָ֖יו יוּמָֽת׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ואם שור נגח הוא מתמל שלשם והועד בבעליו ולא ישמרנו והמית איש או אשה השור יסקל וגם בעליו יומת
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְהוּעַד בִּבְעָלָיו וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ וְהֵמִית אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה הַשּׁוֹר יִסָּקֵל וְגַם־בְּעָלָיו יוּמָת׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
אױב אָבער ער איז אַ שטױסיקער אָקס פֿון נעכטן-אײערנעכטן, און זײַן בעל־הבית איז געװאָרנט געװאָרן, און האָט אים ניט געהיט, און ער װעט טײטן אַ מאַן אָדער אַ פֿרױ, זאָל פֿאַרשטײנט װערן דער אָקס, און אױך זײַן בעל־הבית זאָל געטײט װערן.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Si ce bœuf était sujet à heurter, déjà antérieurement, que son maître, averti, ne l’ait pas surveillé et qu’il ait fait périr un homme ou une femme, le bœuf sera lapidé et même son maître mérite la mort.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Ove poi quello sia da qualche tempo un bue cozzatore, ed il padrone ne sia stato avvertito, e nol custodisse, indi facesse morire uomo o donna; il bue sarà lapidato, ed anche il suo proprietario sarà fatto morire.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Wszakże, jeżeli to wół bodliwy od wczoraj i zawczoraj, i ostrzeżono właściciela jego, a nie strzegł go, i zabił mężczyznę, albo kobietę: to będzie wół ukamionowany, a nadto i właściciel jego stracony.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
War es aber ein stößiger Ochse von jeher, und sein Herr ist verwarnt worden und hat nicht auf ihn acht gegeben, und er tötet einen Mann oder eine Frau, so soll gesteinigt werden der Ochse, aber auch sein Herr hat den Tod verdient.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Ist es aber nun ein stößiger Ochse, dadurch daß er bereits gestern und vorgestern gestoßen, und es ist dies nun seinem Eigentümer bezeugt worden, er tötet einen Mann oder eine Frau: so wird der Ochse gesteinigt und auch sein Eigentümer ist todesschuldig.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Sed se la bovo estis kornobatema antaŭe kaj oni tion sciigis al ĝia mastro kaj li ĝin ne gardis kaj ĝi mortigis viron aŭ virinon, tiam la bovon oni ŝtonmortigu kaj ĝian mastron oni mortigu.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 21:29
Rashi
עברית
מתמל שלשום. הרי שלש נגיחות (מכילתא פ"י):
והועד בבעליו. לשון התראה בעדים, כמו הָעֵד הֵעִד בָּנוּ הָאִישׁ (בראשית מג, ג):
והמית איש וגו'. לפי שנאמר כי יגח, אין לי אלא שהמיתו בנגיחה, המיתו בנשיכה, דחיפה, ובעיטה, מניין, תלמוד לומר והמית:
וגם בעליו יומת. בידי שמים, יכול בידי אדם, תלמוד לומר מֹות יוּמַת הַמַּכֶּה רֹצֵחַ הוּא (במדבר לה, טז), על רציחתו אתה הורגו, ואי אתה הורגו על רציחת שורו (סנהדרין טו:):
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
But if the ox (had been wont) to gore yesterday and before, and it had been attested before his owner three times, and he (had neglected) to restrain him, the ox, when he killeth man or woman, shall be stoned, and his master also shall die with a death sent upon him from heaven.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
ואם. אין ספק כי אין כופר למומתי ב"ד. על כן אמרו מעתיקי הדת כי וגם יומת. מיתתו בידי שמים. הנה יהי' זה יומת לפי דעתי כמו עין תחת עין שהוא ראוי שיומת אם לא יתן כופר נפשו. וכל זה בעבור שהוא כתוב יומת ולא ימות:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
AND ITS OWNER SHALL BE PUT TO DEATH. Our Rabbis have received by Tradition that this death means by the hand of Heaven. Similar cases are these verses: and the common man that draweth nigh shall be put to death; and they die therein, if they profane it.
I have noticed that where the Torah speaks of those liable to be put to death by the court, it does not mention just yumoth (he shall be put to death), but always says, moth yumoth (he shall surely be put to death). Do not object to this rule from the verse, and he that killeth a man ‘yumoth’ (shall be put to death),! or from the verse about the Sabbath, (further 35:2), and his punishment is death by the court! or a prophet who misleads, (Deuteronomy 13:6), and there too his punishment is by the court (Sanhedrin 84 a). for in each of these cases He has already clearly explained elsewhere about them [that they are liable to death by the court, by using the phrase: moth yumoth]..
Now I do not know the reason for Onkelos’ rendering yumoth as yithk’teil [“he shall be killed”, which indicates that his death is to be by the court, instead of by the hand of Heaven]. Perhaps his intention is to state that the owner, [who had been previously warned that his ox had gored three times, but still did not guard it, so that it went out and killed a man or woman], deserves to be put to death, but is instead made liable to the payment of a ransom. Or perhaps Onkelos means to explain that that which Scripture states, and its owner also shall be put to death means that the owner will perish in a similar manner to that by which the gored person was killed, for his day shall come to die, or he shall go down into battle, and be swept away; the Eternal will not hold him guiltless. Thus Onkelos wanted to teach us that the owner of the ox is liable, according to the view of Heaven, to die by the hand of a killer, and not by a natural death, something like it is said, and I will kill you with the sword. In the verse, and the common man that draweth nigh shall be put to death, Onkelos also translated yumoth as yithk’teil [“he shall be killed,” indicating that his death is to be by the court], because he agrees with the opinion of Rabbi Akiba who said that a non-priest who performed the Divine service in the Sanctuary is put to death by strangulation.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
וגם בעליו יומת, by heavenly forces as opposed to by human tribunal. If the owner did make restitution of monetary kind he is not guilty vis a vis heaven either.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
וגם בעליו יומת. A reference to judgment by heaven which will be exacted from the guilty party if we cannot convict him due to lack of witnesses.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
English
ואם שור נגח הוא, “but if that ox had had a history of goring people, (and its owner had not taken proper precautions);“ The Talmud, tractate Baba Kamma folio 23, relates a dispute between two scholars, Abbaye and Rava whether the term נגח applies to an ox that already gored twice or whether even after having gored once, that animal belongs to the category of being potential a killer, and its owner being guilty of not having protected potential victims properly. The subject of their dispute is the meaning of the word תמול, usually understood to mean “yesterday.” According to the former scholar, even a single incident of goring suffices for the ox to be categorised as dangerous, and the prefix מ i.e. מתמול, would refer to the second offense by that ox, so that the words ולא ישמרנו, “and its owner did not watch it adequately,” would make him liable to stoning only the fourth time whereas according to the second scholar, basing himself on the word שלשום, “day before yesterday,” that ox’s status did not change from harmless to dangerous until after it had gored three times. According to Rava, the words ולא ישמרנו, would then mean that only after a third such occurrence did this ox change its category, and its owner became guilty on an additional count According to the Talmud in tractate Baba batra, folio 28, such an ox is subject to stoning only after it has gored the fourth time. seems therefore that Abaye found four sources in the Torah’s text supporting his view whereas Rava found only three. If you were to ask what difference this makes, [after all we do not decide questions of halachah on the written text of the Torah, but use it only as broad hints, Ed.] Rabbi Ezra hanavi claims that there is a difference. The difference would be if the fourth goring had occurred on the same day as the third goring. According to Abbaye, if the last goring would have occurred on the same day as the previous one, the owner as well as his ox would not be held liable for the additional negligence, as the owner on a day when his ox was bad-tempered had not yet had time to place him under secure restraint.
Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria