12
Vous ne mangerez d’aucune pâte levée; dans toutes vos demeures vous consommerez des pains azymes."
Aliya 5
Aliya 6
et le Seigneur avait inspiré pour ce peuple de la bienveillance aux Égyptiens, qui lui prêtèrent, de sorte qu’il dépouilla les Égyptiens.
C’était la Nuit prédestinée par l’Éternel, pour leur sortie du pays d’Égypte; c’est cette même nuit instituée par le Seigneur, comme prédestinée à toutes les générations des enfants d’Israël.
Or, ce fut ce jour-là même que l’ Éternel fit sortir les Israélites du pays d’Égypte, selon leurs légions.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 12:3 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
Speak to the entire community of Israel saying, ‘On the tenth [day] of this month they shall take—each man [shall take] a lamb for [his] family, a lamb for each household.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
Speak [today, on Rosh Chodesh] to the whole congregation of Israel, saying: On the tenth day of this month [(the "taking" of the paschal lamb of Egypt was on the tenth, but not that of future generations)] shall they take for themselves, each man a lamb for a family [(and, in the event that the family is large and one lamb will not suffice for it)], a lamb for a household [(i.e., for each household within that family)].
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
דַּבְּר֗וּ אֶֽל־כׇּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֶּעָשֹׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְיִקְח֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְבֵית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַבָּֽיִת׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying: In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’houses, a lamb for a household;
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
דַּבְּר֗וּ אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֶּעָשֹׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְיִקְח֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְבֵית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַבָּֽיִת׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
דברו אל כל עדת ישראל לאמר בעשר לחדש הזה ויקחו להם איש שה לבית אבת שה לבית
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר בֶּעָשֹׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה וְיִקְחוּ לָהֶם אִישׁ שֶׂה לְבֵית־אָבֹת שֶׂה לַבָּיִת׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
רעד צו דער גאַנצער עדה פֿון ישׂראל, אַזױ צו זאָגן: אין צענטן טאָג פֿון דעם דאָזיקן חוֹדש, זאָלן זײ איטלעכער זיך נעמען צו לאַם פֿאַר אַ פֿאָטערהױז, צו לאַם פֿאַר אַ הױזגעזינט.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Parlez à toute la communauté d’Israël en ces termes: Au dixième jour de ce mois, que chacun se procure un agneau pour sa famille paternelle, un agneau par maison.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Parlate a tutta la Comunità d’Israel, con dire, che ai dieci di questo mese provveggansi, ognuno (per sè), un agnello [propriamente: una bestia minuta, agnello sia, o capretto] per ciascheduna famiglia, [o, se questa è tale da occupare più case] un agnello per ogni casa.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Powiedźcie całemu zborowi Israela, mówiąc: "Dziesiątego tego miesiąca niech wezmą sobie, każdy jagnię dla rodziny, jagnię dla domu.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Redet zu der ganzen Gemeinde Israels also: Am zehnten dieses Monats nehme sich ein jeder von ihnen ein Lamm für eine Familie, je ein Lamm für ein Haus.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Sprechet zur ganzen Gemeinde Jisraels: Am zehnten dieses Monats, dann sollen sie jeder sich ein Lamm nehmen für ein Elternhaus, ein Lamm für das Haus.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Diru al la tuta komunumo de Izrael: En la deka tago de ĉi tiu monato prenu al si ŝafidon ĉiu patro de familio, po unu ŝafido por domo.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 12:3
Rashi
עברית
דברו אל כל עדת. וכי אהרן מדבר, והלא כבר נאמר אתה תדבר, אלא חולקין כבוד זה לזה, ואומרים זה לזה למדני, והדבור יוצא מבין שניהם כאלו שניהם מדברים (מכילתא פסחא פ"ג):
אל כל עדת ישראל וגו' בעשור לחדש. דברו היום בראש חודש, שיקחוהו בעשור לחודש (שם):
הזה. פסח מצרים מקחו מבעשור, ולא פסח דורות (פסחים צו.):
שה לבית אבות. למשפחה אחת, הרי שהיו מרובין יכול שה אחד לכולן, תלמוד לומר שה לבית (מכילתא פ"ג):
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, In the tenth of this month, whose time is appointed for this time (occasion), and not for (coming) generations, they shall take to them a lamb for the house of a family, and, if many in number, they shall take a lamb for a house:
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
דברו אל כל עדת בני ישראל. כי כל בני מצות. חייבים:
ויקחו להם. מי שיש להם ממקנהו כי מקנה רב היה להם או יקנו. ויפת אמר כי מיום העשור יחלו להכין השה יום י"ד רק לא ידענו אם זו מצוה לדורות או על פסח מצרים:
שה לבית אבות. אם הם מועטים:
שה לבית. אם הם רבים ואחר שאמר שה לבית אבות אמר שה לכל בית ובית ובתחלת זה הספר פירשתי בית:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
THEY SHALL TAKE TO THEM EVERY MAN A LAMB, ACCORDING TO THEIR FATHERS’ HOUSES. The reason for this commandment is that the constellation of Aries (the Ram) is at the height of its power in the month of Nisan, it being the sign of the zodiac which ascends the heavens. Therefore He commanded us to slaughter the sheep and to eat it in order to inform us that it was not by the power of that constellation that we went out from Egypt, but by decree of the Supreme One. And according to the opinion of our Rabbis, etc., (above, 8:22), Onkelos translated: “if we sacrifice that which the Egyptians worship.” In his Moreh Nebuchim (III, 46), Rambam also writes: “Scripture tells us, according to the version of Onkelos, that the Egyptians worshipped Aries, etc.” that the Egyptians worshipped it as a deity, He has all the more informed us through this that He subdued their gods and their powers at the height of their ascendancy. And thus the Rabbis have said: “Take you lambs and slaughter the gods of Egypt.”
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
לבית אבות, members of several families residing in the same house were in the habit of taking their meals together. They had to do this as the Passover offering could not be split up and consumed in more than one house. שה לבית, this means it was to be consumed in the same house, as per verse 15.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
English
בעשור לחודש, “on the tenth day of the month;” the acquisition of the Paschal lamb in Egypt had to be made on the tenth of the month. There was a special reason for this. When the firstborn Egyptians saw what the Israelites were doing, they asked them for the reason of this. The Israelites explained that it was an offering to be offered when G–d would skip over the homes of the Israelites when He would slay the Egyptian firstborns as a punishment for their refusing to let the Israelites go. Upon hearing this, the firstborn Egyptians immediately went to the other Egyptians telling them to release the Israelites forthwith, accusing them of responsibility for their death in case they refused. Nonetheless, the other Egyptians refused. In fact, they themselves slew some of the firstborns in an altercation. This is what is meant when we read in Psalms 136,10: למכה מצרים בבכוריהם כי לעולם חסדו, i.e. the psalmist does not write: that G–d smote the Egyptian firstborns, but that the Egyptians killed their firstborn. (Compare Midrash Tehillim 136, as well as Yalkut Shimoni on that verse.) We read also in that Midrash that the tenth of the month of Nissan of that year occurred on a Sabbath so that Passover occurred on the Thursday following, as stated in the Talmud, tractate Shabbat folio 87. When the Egyptians saw how the Jews made ready to cut the throats of their lambs they attacked them, as they were afraid of these animals, which were deities for them, and feared punishment for allowing their deities to be slain. G–d performed a miracle for the Israelites thus attacked and they were saved. This is the reason why the Sabbath prior to the Exodus is called שבת הגדול, “the great Sabbath.” Still we need to explore the reason why the tenth day in Nissan was chosen for the command to the Israelites to purchase, or if they had animals to set aside the respective animal for that sacrifice. According to Rashi, the Israelites were required to perform circumcision on themselves prior to being able to slaughter and to partake of the Paschal lamb. It would take them four days to recover from the wounds inflicted through their having circumcised themselves. (Attributed to Rabbi Yitzchok from Ibro.)
Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria