12
Vous ne mangerez d’aucune pâte levée; dans toutes vos demeures vous consommerez des pains azymes."
Aliya 5
Aliya 6
et le Seigneur avait inspiré pour ce peuple de la bienveillance aux Égyptiens, qui lui prêtèrent, de sorte qu’il dépouilla les Égyptiens.
C’était la Nuit prédestinée par l’Éternel, pour leur sortie du pays d’Égypte; c’est cette même nuit instituée par le Seigneur, comme prédestinée à toutes les générations des enfants d’Israël.
Or, ce fut ce jour-là même que l’ Éternel fit sortir les Israélites du pays d’Égypte, selon leurs légions.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 12:8 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
They shall eat the meat during this night. It shall be roasted over fire. They shall eat it with matzos and bitter herbs.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And they shall eat the flesh, [but not sinews and bones] on this night, roasted in fire. And matzoth with merorim [(Every bitter herb is called maror)] shall they eat it, [in commemoration of (1:10): "And they embittered (vayemararu) their lives."]
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וְאָכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּ֑ה צְלִי־אֵ֣שׁ וּמַצּ֔וֹת עַל־מְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וְאָכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּ֑ה צְלִי־אֵ֣שׁ וּמַצּ֔וֹת עַל־מְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ואכלו את הבשר בלילה הזה צלי אש ומצות על מררים יאכלהו
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וְאָכְלוּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר בַּלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה צְלִי־אֵשׁ וּמַצּוֹת עַל־מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און זײ זאָלן עסן דאָס פלײש אין דערדאָזיקער נאַכט, געבראָטן אױפֿן פֿײַער; מיט מצות און מיט ביטערע קרײַטעכצער זאָלן זײ עס עסן.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Et l’on en mangera la chair cette même nuit; on la mangera rôtie au feu et accompagnée d’azymes et d’herbes amères.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
E ne mangeranno la carne in quella notte. Arrostito al fuoco, con pani azzimi ed erbe amare, lo mangeranno.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
I będą jedli mięso jego tej samej nocy, upieczone na ogniu; z przaśnikami i gorzkiemi ziołami jeść je będą.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Das Fleisch sollen sie essen in dieser Nacht; gebraten am Feuer, mit ungesäuertem Brote und mit bittern Kräutern sollen sie es essen.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Dann essen sie das Fleisch in dieser Nacht, feuergebraten, und ungesäuerte Brote, mit bittern Kräutern sollen sie es essen.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Kaj ili manĝu la viandon en tiu nokto, rostitan sur fajro; kaj macojn kun maldolĉaj herboj ili manĝu.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 12:8
Rashi
עברית
את הבשר. ולא גידים ועצמות (מכילתא פ"ו):
על מררים. כל עשב מר נקרא מרור, וציום לאכול מרור זכר לוימררו את חייהם:
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And you shall eat the flesh on that night, the fifteenth of Nisan, until the dividing of the night roasted with fire, without leaven, with horehound and lettuce shall you eat it.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
על מרורים יאכלוהו. אמר אחד מחכמי ספרד. ידוע כי הליחה תגבר בארץ מצרים בעבור מימי היאור ובעבור שלא ירד שם גשם כי האויר הוא לח תמיד. ע"כ מנהגם היה לאכול בכל שלחנם מיני מרורים רבים מעשבים וחרדל ואפי' לא יהיה למצרי אלא פת לבדה לעולם המרורים יהיו על שלחנו לטבול בו הפת כי הם רפואה לאויר' ואנחנו נסמוך ע"ד קדמוננו ז"ל שפירשו לנו כי המרורים זכר לוימררו את חייהם:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
AND UNLEAVENED BREAD, ‘AL’ (WITH) BITTER HERBS THEY SHALL EAT IT. The purport of the verse is as follows: And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and with unleavened bread with bitter herbs, they shall eat it. [The word al here thus means “with,” and not “upon,” as it generally does.] Similarly: ‘al’ unleavened bread and bitter herbs means “with”; And they came both men ‘al’ women [means “with” the women]; its head ‘al’ its legs ‘v’al’ the inwards thereof [means its head “with” its legs “and with” the inwards thereof]. Scripture does not say im (with) [but instead uses al] in order to instruct that it is not obligatory to wrap them together, [i.e., insert the paschal meat and the bitter herbs between the unleavened bread], and eat them. on the night of Passover, the wrapping together of unleavened bread and bitter herbs is observed “according to the custom of Hillel.” Thus [the word umatzoth (and unleavened bread)] is missing the letter beth, [which would make it ubematzoth (and with unleavened bread)], similar to the expressions: they shall wash ‘mayim’ (water) [the word missing a beth, which would make it b’mayim, (with water)]; And Seled died ‘lo’ (no) children, [the word lo missing a beth, which would make it b’lo (without) children]. Thus Scripture teaches that there is no commandment for eating the bitter herbs alone, but only with the eating of the flesh of the Passover-offering. (Mishneh Torah, Hilchoth Chametz Umatzah, 7:12). Concerning unleavened bread, however, Scripture repeated it by commanding, At even ye shall eat unleavened bread, even by itself [when there is no Passover-offering], as is the opinion of our Rabbis.
A more correct interpretation is that we say that the word, umatzoth (and unleavened bread), is connected with the earlier part of the verse: And they shall eat the flesh … and unleavened bread. The verse then continues to command that the flesh mentioned be eaten with bitter herbs. Thus He commanded the eating of the flesh with the eating of the unleavened bread, but He did not command the eating of bitter herbs, except by saying that they should eat the meat with bitter herbs, thus hinting that there is no [separate] commandment regarding the bitter herbs. It is only that the meat must be eaten with them, and when there is no Passover-offering there is no specific commandment [of the Torah] regarding the eating of the bitter herbs. It also teaches us that the bitter herbs do not invalidate the meat. Thus, if one ate the meat of the Passover-offering and did not eat bitter herbs, he has [nevertheless] fulfilled his duty of eating the Passover-offering, since the commandment concerning the eating of the Passover-offering is like the commandment of eating unleavened bread, each one an independent commandment in itself.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
'ואכלו את הבשר בלילה הזה צלי אש וגו, every reference to the eating of this meal reflects the haste with which it had to be consumed.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
English
ואכלו את הבשר, “they are to eat the meat;” this is the reason why the people established the custom to take three unleavened loaves of bread on the evening when the meat of the Passover would be consumed. It was a reminder of the three measures of flour Avraham told Sarah to use when baking cakes for what turned out to be the three angels, one of whom predicted when she would give birth to Yitzchok. (Genesis 18,6) The date happened to be that of the first day of Passover, (in the future) as we know from the fact that on the same evening Lot welcomed two of these angels and served them unleavened bread. An alternate version of the significance of the three matzot on our seder dish is that they are to remind us of the three patriarchs. The reason why we break the middle one of these three matzot in half is that it symbolises G–d having split the sea of reeds in half to enable the Jewish people to cross it and escape the pursuit of Pharaoh and his army. We pronounce the special blessing over one half of this middle matzah, as related in the Talmud tractate Pessachim folio 115, as a reminder that it is called the “bread of the poor,” meaning that a poor man does not have a whole loaf of bread at his disposal. The reason why we perform two “dippings” on that night is to serve as a reminder that when becoming officially Jewish after performing the circumcision, both the people themselves and their slaves immersed themselves in a ritual bath. An alternate interpretation is that we had to dip the blood of the Paschal lamb and sprinkle it on the lintel and upright posts, mezuzot, of our homes, to insure that the firstborn Jews would not be killed on that night, as were those of the Egyptians. We recite a further reminder of this by quoting from the Book of Ezekiel, that our redemption was linked to our being kept alive by offering that blood (Ezekiel 16,6). One of the reasons why this ritual is performed on that night is to encourage the children at the table to ask why we perform so many strange acts during that evening instead of proceeding from kiddush to Motzi, breaking bread, directly. Normally, vegetables used to be eaten as a kind of dessert, whereas on this evening we commence with them. We never drink two cups of wine before eating bread, whereas on this evening we make a point of drinking two cups of wine before eating any bread (matzah). As soon as the child sees us pouring the second cup of wine he begins asking questions. The concoction known as …
Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria