12
Vous ne mangerez d’aucune pâte levée; dans toutes vos demeures vous consommerez des pains azymes."
Aliya 5
Aliya 6
et le Seigneur avait inspiré pour ce peuple de la bienveillance aux Égyptiens, qui lui prêtèrent, de sorte qu’il dépouilla les Égyptiens.
C’était la Nuit prédestinée par l’Éternel, pour leur sortie du pays d’Égypte; c’est cette même nuit instituée par le Seigneur, comme prédestinée à toutes les générations des enfants d’Israël.
Or, ce fut ce jour-là même que l’ Éternel fit sortir les Israélites du pays d’Égypte, selon leurs légions.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 12:30 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
Pharaoh arose at night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house where there were no dead.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And Pharaoh arose [from his bed] at night [and not in the third hour of the morning in the manner of kings], he and all his servants [(Pharaoh awakened them)] and all of Egypt. And there was a great outcry in Egypt, for there was no house where no one had died. [If there were no first-born there, the eldest in the house died.]
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וַיָּ֨קׇם פַּרְעֹ֜ה לַ֗יְלָה ה֤וּא וְכׇל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וְכׇל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַתְּהִ֛י צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין בַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מֵֽת׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וַיָּ֨קָם פַּרְעֹ֜ה לַ֗יְלָה ה֤וּא וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וְכָל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַתְּהִ֛י צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין בַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מֵֽת׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ויקם פרעה לילה הוא וכל עבדיו וכל מצרים ותהי צעקה גדלה במצרים כי אין בית אשר אין שם מת
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וַיָּקָם פַּרְעֹה לַיְלָה הוּא וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו וְכָל־מִצְרַיִם וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָה בְּמִצְרָיִם כִּי־אֵין בַּיִת אֲשֶׁר אֵין־שָׁם מֵת׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
איז פַּרעה אױפֿגעשטאַנען בײַ דער נאַכט, ער און אַלע זײַנע קנעכט, און גאַנץ מִצרַיִם, און עס איז געװאָרן אַ גרױס געשרײ אין מִצרַיִם, װאָרום עס איז ניט געװען אַ הױז װאָס דאָרטן זאָל ניט זײַן אַ טױטער.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Pharaon se leva de nuit, ainsi que tous ses serviteurs et tous les Égyptiens et ce fut une clameur immense dans l’Égypte: car il n’y avait point de maison qui ne renfermât un mort.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Faraone si alzò di notte, egli, tutt’i suoi servi, e tutti gli Egizi; e vi furono grandi strida nell’Egitto, poiché non v’era casa, dove non vi fosse qualche morto.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
I wstał Faraon w nocy - on i wszystkie sługi jego i wszystek Micraim; i powstał płacz wielki w Micraim, bo nie było domu, w którymby nie było umarłego.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Und Pharao stand auf in der Nacht, er und alle seine Diener und alle Ägypter; es war ein großes Jammern in Ägypten, denn es war kein Haus, in welchem nicht ein Toter war.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Da stand Pharao Nachts auf, er, alle seine Diener und ganz Mizrajim, und es war ein großes Geschrei in Mizrajim; denn es war kein Haus, woselbst kein Toter;
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Tiam Faraono leviĝis en la nokto, li kaj ĉiuj liaj servantoj kaj ĉiuj Egiptoj; kaj fariĝis granda kriado en Egiptujo; ĉar ne estis domo, en kiu ne estis mortinto.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 12:30
Rashi
English
Pharaoh rose. From his bed....
At night. And not when it is usual for kings, at the third hour of daylight...
If there was a firstborn -- he died. If there wasn't, the oldest in the house was called a firstborn, as it says (Psalms 89:28) "I also will appoint him first-born". Another thing: Egyptian women would prostitute themselves beneath their husbands and bore children of open men, and would have many firstborns, even five to one mother, each from a different father.
Sefaria Community Translation · Licence: CC0 · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And Pharoh rose up in that night, and all the rest of his servants, and all the rest of the Mizraee; and there was a great cry, because there was no house of the Mizraee where the firstborn was not dead.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
ויקם. הוא בעצמו כמו ועבד הלוי הוא בעצמו:
כי אין בית. על הרוב ידבר הכתוב:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
FOR THERE WAS NOT A HOUSE WHERE THERE WAS NOT ONE DEAD. Rashi comments: “If there was a firstborn there, he died; if there was no firstborn there, the chief person in the house died because he is called b’chor (firstborn), as it is said, I also will appoint him firstborn. Another interpretation: The Egyptian women led dissolute lives under their husbands and bore children from unmarried young men. Thus they had many firstborn sons, sometimes [as many as] five to one woman, each one being the firstborn to his own father.”
In line with the plain meaning of Scripture, the firstborn that died in Egypt were the firstborn of their mothers, and this is why He sanctified in their place all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast. The firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne was the firstborn to his mother. And such indeed is the custom among kings that the reigning mistress be a virgin, something like it is said in the case of Ahasuerus. But in accordance with the opinion of our Rabbis [who say that the firstborn of a father also died], we shall explain that in Egypt, He smote all their firstborn. That is to say, the firstborn of the father, since he is the first-fruit of his strength, and the firstborn of the mother, since he opened the womb, and also the chief person in the house. Yet it was His desire to sanctify in Israel in their place only the firstborn of the mother, because that is a matter more known and of open knowledge. In cattle, only the firstborn of the mother is known at all, and therefore He chose from among all of them only [the firstborn of the mother]. A sort of proof for this [statement of the Rabbis that the firstborn of the father was also smitten] is the verse: And He smote all the firstborn in Egypt, the first-fruits of their strength in the tents of Ham, for such an expression, [i.e., the first-fruits of his strength], is said only of a male.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
English
כי אין בית, “for there was not a single house, etc.;” the question is raised how it was possible that there were no houses which did not contain a firstborn? (Mechilta section Pessach chapter 13) The fact is that the Egyptians, whenever a firstborn died, displayed a likeness of the deceased in the house he used to live in. At the time when this occurred, each such likeness of a firstborn even if he had died earlier, fell down and broke into pieces, and the inhabitants of the house mourned him as if he had died now. It has also been reported that the place where firstborn had died became infested with mice which dug up the earth where he had been interred. All this caused the survivors to feel the loss of that person as if it had occurred just then.
Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria