12
Vous ne mangerez d’aucune pâte levée; dans toutes vos demeures vous consommerez des pains azymes."
Aliya 5
Aliya 6
et le Seigneur avait inspiré pour ce peuple de la bienveillance aux Égyptiens, qui lui prêtèrent, de sorte qu’il dépouilla les Égyptiens.
C’était la Nuit prédestinée par l’Éternel, pour leur sortie du pays d’Égypte; c’est cette même nuit instituée par le Seigneur, comme prédestinée à toutes les générations des enfants d’Israël.
Or, ce fut ce jour-là même que l’ Éternel fit sortir les Israélites du pays d’Égypte, selon leurs légions.
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Exode 12:39 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
They baked the dough that they had brought out of Egypt into matzoh cakes, for it was not leavened. Since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, they had also not prepared provisions for themselves.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And they baked the dough which they had taken out of Egypt, cakes of matzoh, for it had not leavened. For they were driven out of Egypt and they could not tarry; and provisions, too, they could not make for themselves [(a tribute to Israel's belief in the L-rd, venturing forth into the desert without provisions)].
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
ויאפו את הבצק אשר הוציאו ממצרים עגת מצות כי לא חמץ כי גרשו ממצרים ולא יכלו להתמהמה וגם צדה לא עשו להם
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וַיֹּאפוּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵק אֲשֶׁר הוֹצִיאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת כִּי לֹא חָמֵץ כִּי־גֹרְשׁוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לְהִתְמַהְמֵהַּ וְגַם־צֵדָה לֹא־עָשׂוּ לָהֶם׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און זײ האָבן געבאַקן פֿון דעם טײג װאָס זײ האָבן אַרױסגעטראָגן פֿון מִצרַיִם, קוכנס מצה, װאָרום ער איז ניט געזײַערט געװאָרן, װײַל זײ זײַנען אַרױסגעטריבן געװאָרן פֿון מִצרַיִם, און האָבן זיך ניט געקענט אױפֿהאַלטן, און אַפילו צערונג האָבן זײ זיך ניט צוגעגרײט.
Licence: CC0
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Ils firent, de la pâte qu’ils avaient emportée d’Égypte, des gâteaux azymes, car elle n’avait pas fermenté; parce que, repoussés de l’Égypte, ils n’avaient pu attendre et ne s’étaient pas munis d’autres provisions.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
Della pasta che seco portarono dall’Egitto, cossero focacce azzime, poiché non erasi lievitata; poiché furono scacciati dall’Egitto, e non poterono indugiare, e nemmeno si prepararono alcuna vettovaglia.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
I wypiekli ciasto, które wynieśli z Micraim, na placki przaśne; ponieważ nie skisło, bo wypędzeni zostali z Micraim, a nie mogli się zatrzymywać; a także zapasów nie przygotowali sobie.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Von dem Teige, den sie aus Ägypten mitgenommen, buken sie ungesäuerte Kuchen, denn er hatte nicht gesäuert, weil sie getrieben wurden aus Ägypten und konnten nicht zögern; auch Reisezehrung hatten sie nicht für sich bereitet.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Sie backten den Teig, den sie aus Mizrajim mitgenommen, zu ungegorenen Kuchen, denn er war nicht gegoren; denn getrieben wurden sie aus Mizrajim und konnten sich nicht aufhalten und selbst Mundvorrat hatten sie sich nicht bereitet.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Kaj el la pasto, kiun ili elportis el Egiptujo, ili bakis macajn platpanojn, ĉar ĝi ankoraŭ ne fermentis; ĉar ili estis elpelitaj el Egiptujo kaj ne povis prokrasti, kaj ili eĉ ne pretigis al si manĝaĵon.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Exode 12:39
Rashi
עברית
עגות מצות. חררה של מצה. בצק שלא החמיץ קרוי מצה:
וגם צדה לא עשו להם. לדרך. מגיד שבחן של ישראל, שלא אמרו האיך נצא למדבר בלא צדה, אלא האמינו והלכו (מכילתא פי"ד), הוא שמפורש בקבלה זָכַרְתִּי לָךְ חֶסֶד נְעוּרַיִךְ אַהֲבַת כְּלוּלֹתָיִךְ לֶכְתֵּךְ אַחֲרַי בַּמִדְבָּר בְּאֶרֶץ לֹא זְרוּעָה (ירמיה ב, ב), ומה שכר מפורש אחריו קֹדֶש יִשְׂרָאֵל לַה' וגו':
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And they divided the dough which they brought out of Mizraim, which they had carried on their heads, and it was baked for them by the heat of the sun, (into) unleavened cakes, because it had not fermented; for the Mizraee had thrust them out, neither could they delay; and it was sufficient for them to eat until the fifteenth of the month Ijar; because they had not prepared provision for the way.
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
ויאפו. הנה הבצק שהוציאו ממצרים היה בו שאור ולא אפוהו עד שחנו בסוכות:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
AND THEY BAKED UNLEAVENED CAKES OF THE DOUGH. The meaning thereof is that they baked unleavened bread of the dough because of the precept which they were commanded: There shall be no leaven found in your homes, for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel.
BECAUSE THEY WERE THRUST OUT OF EGYPT. The sense of it is that they baked the dough on the road because they had been driven out of Egypt, and could not wait to bake it in the city and carry the unleavened bread. Therefore they carried the dough, and their kneading-troughs were bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders, and they hurried and baked it before it was leavened on the road, or in Succoth, where they arrived in a short while as our Rabbis have said.
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
עוגות, for the term bread applies only to dough which had been baked in an oven. [According to our author on Exodus 29,2 anything baked in an oven is called לחם, bread, even if it contains a fair amount of oil. Ed] Seeing that this “bread” had not been baked in an oven but was baked by the sun, it is not called לחם, but עוגה, “cake.”
כי לא חמץ, it had not become fermented. This formulation, i.e. as an adjective, is also found in connection with Pharaoh when the Torah spoke about כבד לב פרעה, usually translated as “Pharaoh’s heart was tough,” when what is meant it that Pharaoh toughened his heart. Similar constructions are found in Genesis 27,14 אהב אביו, “his father had come to like.” The same is true of Kings I 1,1 והמלך דוד זקן, which though we normally translate this as “and King David was old,” really means “King David had allowed himself to age.” These formulations which sound like mere adjectives, are more than that, they describe what led to the present state of something or somebody.
וגם צידה (לדרך) לא עשו להם, this is why in short order they would have to complain of the need for bread and water. [seeing that they had not been given an opportunity to take along provisions. Ed.]
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
כי לא חמץ, it had not had time to rise and ferment due to the short period of time it took to get from Ramses which was still part of Egypt to Sukkot which was already beyond the boundary of Egypt. Our sages in the Haggadah shel Pessach described the experience in the following words: “the dough of our forefathers did not have time to rise and become leavened during the brief time it took for the Lord our G’d to manifest Himself and to redeem them.” The reference of the author of the Haggadah is to the appearance of the pillar of cloud and the pillar of fire as soon as the Israelites had reached Sukkot and left Egyptian soil behind the, This was the manifestation of the Lord G’d of whom he speaks. The Torah there begins to speak of G’d walking in front of the Israelites (Exodus 13,21).
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Da'at Zekenim
English
כי לא חמץ, “for it had not become leavened.” According to the view expressed by one sage in the Talmud, tractate Peaachim folio 28, that the Israelites observed Passover in Egypt only for a single day, this makes perfect sense; however, according to the opinion that Israelites had been commanded to eat unleavened bread at that time for seven days, what is the meaning of the words: כי גורשו, “for they had been expelled?” We must explain what is written as follows: when the Torah writes that they baked the dough, that they did so immediately because these loaves were not to be allowed to become leavened. On top of that they had been unable to equip themselves with provisions because they had been expelled, i.e. had been under great pressure and could not tarry any longer. Nonetheless, the word וגם is a little difficult, although we find unnecessary letters וalso in Psalms 76,7, and many other places.
Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria