41
Parachat Miketz
Aliya 1
Aliya 2
Aliya 3
Aliya 4
Miqra according to the Masorah · Licence: CC BY-SA · Source
Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr] · Licence: Public Domain · Source
Genèse 41:56 dans toutes les traductions
English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009
The famine spread over the entire face of the land. Yoseif opened everything that held grain, and sold [grain] to the Egyptians. The famine became severe in the land of Egypt.
Licence: CC BY
English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
And the famine was on the "face of all the land" [i.e., the rich], and Joseph opened all (the granaries) where there was (grain), and he sold to Egypt; and the famine waxed strong in the land of Egypt.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
וְהָרָעָ֣ב הָיָ֔ה עַ֖ל כׇּל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶֽת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֣ר לְמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָֽרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Licence: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
And the famine was over all the face of the earth; and Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine was sore in the land of Egypt.
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
וְהָרָעָ֣ב הָיָ֔ה עַ֖ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֣ר לְמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָֽרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Licence: Public Domain
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
Comme la famine régnait sur toute la contrée, Joseph ouvrit tous les greniers et vendit du blé aux Égyptiens. La famine persista dans le pays d’Égypte.
Licence: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die fünf Bücher Moses, trans. Dr. J. Wohlgemuth, Rödelheim 1899 [de]
Die Hungersnot aber war auf der ganzen Erde. Und Joseph öffnete alle Vorratshäuser und verkaufte den Agyptern Getreide; denn stark war die Hungersnot im Lande Ägypten.
Licence: Public Domain
English · Modernized Tanakh - Based on JPS 1917, Edited by Adam Cohn
And the famine was over all the face of the earth; and Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold to the Egyptians; and the famine was harsh in the land of Egypt.
Licence: CC BY
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
והרעב היה על כל פני הארץ ויפתח יוסף את כל אשר בהם וישבר למצרים ויחזק הרעב בארץ מצרים
Licence: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
וְהָרָעָב הָיָה עַל כָּל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ וַיִּפְתַּח יוֹסֵף אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם וַיִּשְׁבֹּר לְמִצְרַיִם וַיֶּחֱזַק הָרָעָב בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃
Licence: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
און דער הונגער איז געװען איבערן גאַנצן לאַנד; און יוֹסף האָט געעפֿנט אַלע שפּײַכלערס, און האָט פֿאַרקױפֿט צו מִצרַיִם; און דער הונגער האָט זיך געשטאַרקט אין לאַנד מִצרַיִם.
Licence: CC0
Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]
Es war aber die Hungersnot über den ganzen Erdstrich. Da öffnete Josef alle Räume, in welchen Vorrat war, und verkaufte im einzelnen den Mizrern; die Hungersnot nahm aber immer zu im Lande Mizrajim.
Licence: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
La malsato estis en la tuta lando. Jozef malfermis ĉiujn grenejojn, kaj vendadis al la Egiptoj. Kaj la malsato estis tre granda en la Egipta lando.
Licence: Public Domain
Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]
La carestia essendo estesa sopra tutto il paese, Giuseppe aprì tutti i depositi e vendette agli Egizii, la carestia essendo forte nel paese d’Egitto.
Licence: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Gdy zaś nastał głód na powierzchni całej ziemi, otworzył Josef wszystkie składy, i sprzedawał zboże Micrejczykom. A głód wzmagał się w ziemi Micraim.
Licence: Public Domain
Commentaires sur Genèse 41:56
Rashi
עברית
על כל פני הארץ. מי הם פני הארץ, אלו העשירים (ב"ר שם):
את כל אשר בהם. כתרגומו די בהון עיבורא:
וישבר למצרים. שבר לשון מכר ולשון קנין הוא, כאן משמש לשון מכר, שִׁבְרוּ לָנוּ מְעַט אֹכֶל, לשון קנין. ואל תאמר אינו כי אם בתבואה, שאף ביין וחלב מצינו, וּלְכוּ שִׁבְרוּ בְּלֹוא כֶסֶף וּבְלֹוא מְחִיר יַיִן וְחָלָב (ישעיה נה, א):
Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Targum Jonathan
English
And the famine was upon all the face of the land; and Joseph opened all the treasures and sold to the Mizraee. And the famine waxed mighty in the land of Mizraim;
The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
ויפתח יוסף את כל. האוצרות שהיו עמם:
וישבר למצרים. פי' נתן שבר למצרים וטעמו קנין:
On Your Way · Licence: Public Domain · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Ramban (Nachmanides)
English
AND HE SOLD GRAIN UNTO THE EGYPTIANS, AND THE FAMINE WAS SEVERE IN THE LAND OF EGYPT. The verse states that Joseph did not throw open the contents of the storehouses until the famine had become severe in the land, but not as soon as they cried to Pharaoh, as people would cry even when they have a small amount of sustenance, and it was his desire that nothing remain to them before he opened the granaries. This is the meaning of the verse, And the famine was over all the face of the earth, meaning that before he had opened his storehouses the famine was over the entire face of the earth, and then the verse proceeds to explain that he did not sell them food until the famine had become severe upon them. Perhaps it is possible that the verse is magnifying the famine by stating that it was a “famine accompanied by panic.”
Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Rashbam
English
וישבר, a term used for trading in food and drink, as we know already from Yaakov having said to his sons, לכו שברו לנו מעט אכל. We also find the expression including the dealing in liquids in Isaiah 55,1 ולכו שברו בלא כסף ובלא מחיר יין וחלב, “come for water, even if you have no money, come buy food and eat, buy food without money, wine and milk without cost.”
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Sforno
English
ויפתח יוסף את כל אשר בהם, in order to convince the population that there was sufficient grain in store and that there was no cause for panic.
ויחזק הרעב, there were also shortages of other kinds of food, not only bread.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria
Radak (David Kimhi)
English
והרעב...ויפתח יוסף את כל אשר בהם, he now opened all the silos in which grain had been stored.
וישבר למצרים, first he sold grain only to the Egyptians until word had spread that there was food for sale in Egypt. Then he also sold to foreigners. The expression וישבר, vayishbor, is from the conjugation kal, and is used both as applicable to the seller and the buyer. Actually, the word shever means “breaking,” i.e. the grain, the harvest, is what “breaks” one’s hunger. Compare Psalms 104,11 ישברו פראים צמאם, “the wild asses slake their thirst, the word for “slaking,” being the word שבר. When it comes to the transaction, i.e. trading in victuals, especially grain, the seller gives something which will still the buyer’s hunger, i.e. break it, whereas the buyer at the same time is receiving something which breaks his hunger. Hence it is understandable why the same root is used to describe either buying or selling food, seeing both parties are concerned in dealing with someone’s hunger, putting an end to it, as it were. One party hands over the price, the other party receives payment, thus both seller and buyer are active in the transaction. The conjugation הפעיל however, is applicable only to the seller of food, not to the buyer, as in most instances this conjugation is used transitively. The word mashbir, or hamashbir, therefore refers to the seller, not to the buyer.
ויחזק הרעב, as foreign buyers appeared and the quantities sold to each had to be rationed in order to ensure that the supply would last, the famine was felt more strongly also by the local population, seeing the famine had been predicted to last for many years.
Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Licence: CC-BY · Commentaire complet sur Sefaria